{"$schema":"nativecad-dfm-pack/1","id":"appliances","title":"Appliances — panels, knobs, switches, hinges, lamps and kitchen/bath hardware","sector":"appliances","version":"2026-09-03","summary":"Sheet-metal and plastic panel gauges, control knobs and switches, hinges/latches, cable glands and cords, lamp holders/LED modules/heatsinks, kitchen and bathroom hardware coordinating sizes, and the IEC 60335/60598 safety tests an appliance or luminaire is held to.","aliases":["appliance","kitchen appliance","lamp","lighting","light fixture","luminaire","led bulb","lampshade","control knob","appliance panel","hinge","latch","kitchen cabinet module","bathroom hardware","towel rail","faucet","home hardware","door handle","coffee machine","toaster"],"crossSector":false,"size":"core","sources":[{"id":"iec-60335-1","title":"IEC 60335-1 Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 1: General requirements","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"en-60320","title":"EN 60320-1 / IEC 60320-1 Appliance couplers for household and similar general purposes (C14, C8)","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"zhaga-book3","title":"Zhaga Book 3 — LED Light Engine with Separate Control Gear (LES interface specification)","url":"https://www.zhagastandard.org/","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"bhma-a156","title":"ANSI/BHMA A156 series — Builders Hardware Standards (hinges, latches, locks, exit devices)","url":"https://www.buildershardware.com/ansi-bhma-standards","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"en-1116","title":"EN 1116 Kitchen furniture — Coordinating sizes for kitchen furniture and kitchen appliances","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"bourns-knobs","title":"Bourns Potentiometer Knob and D-Shaft Dimension Guide","url":"https://www.bourns.com/","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"lapp-skintop","title":"Lapp SKINTOP Cable Gland Metric and PG-Thread Dimension Guide","url":"https://www.lappusa.com/","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"cree-xlamp","title":"Cree XLamp LED Thermal Management Application Note","url":"https://www.cree-led.com/","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"iec-60061-lampcaps","title":"IEC 60061 Lamp Caps and Holders — Gauges for Interchangeability (E26/E27/E14/GU10/MR16/G4/G9)","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"en-1935","title":"EN 1935 Building hardware — Single-axis hinges — Requirements and test methods","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"astm-en-sheet-steel","title":"ASTM A1008 / EN 10130 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet — Appliance Panel Gauge and Forming Practice","accessed":"2026-09-03"},{"id":"appliance-fascia-molding-guide","title":"Injection-Molded ABS/PP Appliance Fascia Panel Design Guide — wall thickness and stiffening rib practice","accessed":"2026-09-03"}],"entries":[{"id":"panel-steel-prepainted-gauge","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Pre-painted steel appliance panel gauge","summary":"Pre-painted (coil-coated) steel appliance panels run 0.6-0.8 mm thick; thinner oil-cans across a large flat span, thicker adds weight and press tonnage without a stiffness benefit at this size.","applies":["appliance panel","sheet metal","washing machine","dishwasher"],"value":{"min":0.6,"max":0.8,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common coil-coated steel gauge range for washing-machine/dishwasher/oven outer panels balancing oil-canning resistance against formability and cost","sources":["astm-en-sheet-steel"],"tags":["panel","steel","gauge"]},{"id":"panel-steel-stainless-gauge","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"304 stainless appliance panel gauge","summary":"A 304 stainless show panel (fridge door, range hood, oven fascia) runs 1.0 mm thick, thicker than painted steel because stainless has no paint film to hide print-through of the ribs behind it.","applies":["appliance panel","sheet metal","stainless","fridge","range hood"],"value":{"value":1,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Standard stainless show-panel gauge that resists oil-canning and rib print-through on an unpainted, reflective surface","sources":["astm-en-sheet-steel"],"tags":["panel","stainless","gauge"]},{"id":"panel-fascia-plastic-thickness","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Plastic appliance fascia panel thickness","summary":"A moulded ABS/PP appliance fascia (control panel, door liner) runs 2.5-3 mm nominal wall, thicker than a consumer-housing wall because it usually carries printed graphics and a control cluster's mounting bosses.","applies":["appliance panel","fascia","abs","pp","control panel"],"value":{"min":2.5,"max":3,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Appliance fascia panels run thicker than typical consumer-housing walls to stay flat under printed-graphic lamination and boss loads","sources":["appliance-fascia-molding-guide"],"tags":["panel","plastic","fascia"],"see":["consumer/wall-thickness-abs"]},{"id":"knob-dshaft-standard","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Control-knob D-shaft bore standards","summary":"A control knob bores for a 6 mm D-shaft with a 4.5 mm flat-to-flat dimension, or a 6.35 mm (1/4 in) round/D shaft on larger potentiometers; match the bore to the pot's published shaft spec, not the knob vendor's default.","applies":["knob","control knob","potentiometer","encoder"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"d-shaft-6mm","diameter":6,"flat":4.5},{"param":"shaft-quarter-inch","diameter":6.35}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common potentiometer/encoder D-shaft and 1/4in round-shaft dimensions used across appliance control knobs","sources":["bourns-knobs"],"tags":["knob","d-shaft","potentiometer"]},{"id":"knob-size-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Control-knob diameter and grip height","summary":"Size an appliance control knob 30-45 mm in outer diameter with a 15-25 mm grip height above the panel, enough for a wet or gloved hand to find and turn it without brushing the neighbouring control.","applies":["knob","control knob","oven","cooktop"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"diameter","min":30,"max":45},{"param":"grip-height","min":15,"max":25}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common appliance control-knob envelope balancing hand ergonomics, panel spacing and mould cost","sources":["bourns-knobs"],"tags":["knob","ergonomics","envelope"]},{"id":"switch-rocker-cutout","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Rocker switch panel cutout","summary":"The two common rocker-switch panel cutouts are 19.2 x 13 mm (mini rocker) and 30 x 22 mm (standard rocker); cut to the switch datasheet's own cutout tolerance, not a rounded number, since a rocker's bezel rarely has gasket compliance to hide a mismatch.","applies":["switch","rocker switch","appliance panel"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"mini-rocker","width":19.2,"height":13},{"param":"standard-rocker","width":30,"height":22}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Standard rocker-switch bezel cutout families used across household appliance panels","sources":["iec-60335-1"],"tags":["switch","rocker","cutout"]},{"id":"switch-pushbutton-cutout","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Push-button panel hole diameters","summary":"Panel-mount push buttons come in three common round cutouts, ⌀12, ⌀16 and ⌀19/22 mm; the ⌀22 mm size is also the standard emergency-stop and industrial pilot-light bezel, reused on heavier appliances.","applies":["switch","push button","appliance panel"],"value":{"options":[12,16,19,22],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Standard panel-mount push-button bezel diameter family shared across household and light-industrial control panels","sources":["iec-60335-1"],"tags":["switch","push-button","cutout"]},{"id":"hinge-euro-cup","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Concealed Euro hinge cup bore","summary":"A concealed (Euro-style) cabinet hinge bores a ⌀35 mm cup 12 mm deep into the door's back face; boring past 13 mm risks breaking through a typical 16-19 mm cabinet-door panel.","applies":["hinge","kitchen cabinet module","cabinet door"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"cup-diameter","value":35},{"param":"cup-depth","value":12}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Industry-standard concealed hinge cup bore size fitting the common 16-19 mm cabinet-door panel thickness","sources":["en-1935"],"tags":["hinge","euro-hinge","cabinet"]},{"id":"cable-gland-metric-hole","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Metric cable gland panel hole diameters","summary":"Drill a metric cable gland's panel hole to M12 -> 12.5 mm, M16 -> 16.5 mm, M20 -> 20.5 mm; the 0.5 mm over the nominal thread size is the gland's own clearance for the locknut to draw the gasket down without cross-threading in sheet metal.","applies":["cable gland","appliance panel","cord entry"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"m12","hole":12.5},{"param":"m16","hole":16.5},{"param":"m20","hole":20.5}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Manufacturer panel-hole recommendation for metric cable glands threading directly into sheet metal or a moulded boss","sources":["lapp-skintop"],"tags":["cable-gland","metric","panel-hole"]},{"id":"cord-iec-c14-cutout","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"IEC C14 inlet panel cutout","summary":"An IEC 60320 C14 appliance inlet (the standard 3-pin mains socket on the back of most appliances) needs a 27.5 x 19.8 mm rectangular panel cutout plus the moulded flange's own screw bosses either side.","applies":["cord","iec inlet","appliance panel","mains inlet"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"width","value":27.5},{"param":"height","value":19.8}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"EN/IEC 60320-1 C14 appliance-coupler panel cutout dimension","sources":["en-60320"],"tags":["cord","c14","inlet","cutout"]},{"id":"lampholder-e26-e27","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"E26/E27 Edison screw lamp holder envelope","summary":"An E27 (Europe) or E26 (North America) Edison-screw lamp holder has a ⌀26-27 mm threaded shell and a body/ring diameter around 40 mm; the two caps are close enough to interchange mechanically but not electrically rated the same in every market.","applies":["lamp holder","e27","e26","light fixture","luminaire"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"thread-diameter","min":26,"max":27},{"param":"ring-diameter","value":40}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"IEC 60061 Edison-screw cap/holder gauge for the E26/E27 family","sources":["iec-60061-lampcaps"],"tags":["lamp-holder","e27","e26","edison-screw"]},{"id":"lampholder-gu10-mr16","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"GU10 and MR16 lamp base envelope","summary":"A GU10 twist-lock base spaces its two pins 10 mm apart on centre; the MR16 reflector lamp it commonly pairs with (12 V, bi-pin base) is ⌀50 mm across the reflector face — size the fixture's reflector pocket to that, not the base.","applies":["lamp holder","gu10","mr16","light fixture","luminaire"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"gu10-pin-spacing","value":10},{"param":"mr16-diameter","value":50}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"IEC 60061 GU10 twist-lock pin gauge and the standard MR16 reflector lamp outer diameter","sources":["iec-60061-lampcaps"],"tags":["lamp-holder","gu10","mr16"]},{"id":"led-zhaga-les","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Zhaga Book 3 LED Light Engine Surface (LES) diameters","summary":"A Zhaga Book 3 LED module's light-emitting surface (LES) comes in four standard round diameters, 9, 13, 19 and 23 mm; pick the fixture's optic and heatsink pocket to whichever LES size the chosen module family publishes.","applies":["led module","lighting","luminaire","zhaga"],"value":{"options":[9,13,19,23],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Zhaga Book 3 interoperability specification for LED light engines with separate control gear","sources":["zhaga-book3"],"tags":["led","zhaga","les","module"]},{"id":"led-heatsink-thermal-budget","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Natural-convection LED heatsink thermal budget","summary":"Budget 2-4 W of LED heat per 100 cm2 of natural-convection aluminium heatsink surface to hold the LED junction at or below 85 C; below that ratio the fixture needs forced air or a bigger fin area, not a better LED.","applies":["led heatsink","lighting","luminaire"],"value":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"W"},"basis":"Typical natural-convection aluminium heatsink dissipation density used to keep an LED's junction near its rated maximum","sources":["cree-xlamp"],"tags":["led","heatsink","thermal","junction-temp"]},{"id":"safety-touch-temperature-limit","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Touchable-surface temperature limit (IEC 60335-1)","summary":"A user-touchable appliance surface must not exceed 60 C on metal or 70 C on plastic under normal operation, measured with a 12 mm-diameter articulated finger probe reaching every opening the probe can enter.","applies":["appliance","safety","enclosure","toaster","coffee machine"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"metal","value":60},{"param":"plastic","value":70}],"unit":"C"},"basis":"IEC 60335-1 accessible-surface temperature-rise limits and the standard finger-probe geometry used to define \"touchable\"","sources":["iec-60335-1"],"tags":["safety","temperature","finger-probe"]},{"id":"kitchen-module-dimensions","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Kitchen cabinet module coordinating sizes","summary":"European kitchen cabinetry coordinates on a 600 mm module width, 720 mm carcass height, 560 mm carcass depth, with a finished worktop height of 870-920 mm above the floor once plinth and countertop are added.","applies":["kitchen cabinet module","appliance","worktop"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"module-width","value":600},{"param":"carcass-height","value":720},{"param":"carcass-depth","value":560},{"param":"worktop-height","min":870,"max":920}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"EN 1116 coordinating dimensions for kitchen furniture and built-in appliances","sources":["en-1116"],"tags":["kitchen","module","cabinet","worktop"]},{"id":"appliance-niche-sizes","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Built-in appliance niche openings","summary":"Size a built-in oven niche 595 x 595 mm and a built-in dishwasher niche 600 x 850 mm (width x height) so the appliance's own trim frame can seal to the cabinetry without shimming.","applies":["kitchen cabinet module","oven","dishwasher","appliance niche"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"oven-niche","width":595,"height":595},{"param":"dishwasher-niche","width":600,"height":850}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"EN 1116 standard built-in appliance niche openings used across European kitchen cabinetry","sources":["en-1116"],"tags":["kitchen","niche","built-in","oven","dishwasher"]},{"id":"door-handle-backset","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Door handle backset and spindle size","summary":"A residential door lever/knob sets on a 60 or 70 mm backset (centre of the spindle to the door edge) with an 8 mm square spindle; mixing backsets between the lock and the handle is the most common field-fit failure on a hardware order.","applies":["door handle","home hardware","lever handle","knob"],"value":{"options":[60,70],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common residential door-hardware backset family and the standard 8 mm square follower spindle","sources":["bhma-a156"],"tags":["door-handle","backset","spindle"]},{"id":"appliance-feet-adjustable","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Adjustable appliance feet thread and load","summary":"Adjustable appliance feet thread on M8 or M10 studs and carry 80-150 kg each depending on foot diameter and material, enough for four feet to level and support a washing machine or a full oven under dynamic spin/door loads.","applies":["appliance feet","washing machine","oven","dishwasher"],"value":{"min":80,"max":150,"unit":"kg"},"basis":"Common adjustable-foot thread sizes and per-foot static/dynamic load rating for major household appliances","sources":["iec-60335-1"],"tags":["feet","leveling","load"]}]}