{"$schema":"nativecad-dfm-pack/1","id":"kitchen-tableware","title":"Kitchen & tableware — mugs, bowls, bottles, cutlery, cutters, boards","sector":"kitchen-tableware","version":"2026-09-04","summary":"Coffee mugs, cups, bowls, plates, water bottles, cutlery, bottle openers, cookie cutters, funnels, teapots, chopping boards and jar lids: envelope dimensions, food-contact materials, dishwasher/microwave limits and the tests they are held to.","aliases":["coffee mug","tumbler","mixing bowl","dinner plate","water bottle","bottle opener","cookie cutter","funnel","teapot","kettle","chopping board","cutting board","knife handle","jar lid","tableware","drinkware"],"crossSector":false,"size":"standard","sources":[{"id":"fda-21cfr177","title":"FDA 21 CFR 177 — Food-Contact Polymers","url":"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-177","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"eu-10-2011","title":"EU 10/2011 — Food-Contact Plastics","url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R0010","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"nsf-ansi-51","title":"NSF/ANSI 51 — Food Equipment Materials","url":"https://www.nsf.org/knowledge-library/nsf-ansi-51-food-equipment-materials","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"nsf-ansi-184","title":"NSF/ANSI 184 — Residential Dishwashers","url":"https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/nsf/nsfansi1842019","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"astm-c554","title":"ASTM C554 — Ceramicware Thermal Shock","url":"https://store.astm.org/c0554-98r19.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"iso-8442-2","title":"ISO 8442-2 — Stainless Cutlery Requirements","url":"https://www.iso.org/standard/23095.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"isbt-threadspecs","title":"ISBT ThreadSpecs — PCO 1881 28mm Finish","url":"https://www.isbt.com/resources/isbt-threadspecs","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"gpi-glass-finish","title":"GPI — 63mm Wide-Mouth Glass Finish","url":"https://www.gpi.org","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"crown-cap-26mm","title":"GW Kent — 26mm Crown Cap Reference","url":"https://www.gwkent.com/crown-caps.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"digitalfire-shrinkage","title":"Digitalfire — Ceramic Firing Shrinkage","url":"https://digitalfire.com/glossary/firing+shrinkage","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"astm-d6400","title":"ASTM D6400 — Compostable Plastics Spec","url":"https://store.astm.org/d6400-23.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"iec-60068-2-31","title":"IEC 60068-2-31 — Rough Handling Shocks","url":"https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/1000","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"webstaurant-plate-guide","title":"Webstaurantstore — Plate Size Guide","url":"https://www.webstaurantstore.com/guide/1060/types-of-plates.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"steelcity-cutlery","title":"Steel City Cutlery — Flatware Sizes","url":"https://www.steelcitycutlery.com/shapesandsizes.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"cuttingboard-nsf","title":"Cuttingboard.com — NSF HDPE Board Specs","url":"https://www.cuttingboard.com/commercial-green-plastic-hdpe-cutting-board-nsf-certified-18-x-12-x-1-2/","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"fluentincoffee-mugsize","title":"Fluent in Coffee — Mug Size Chart","url":"https://www.fluentincoffee.com/coffee-cup-sizes-chart/","accessed":"2026-09-04"}],"entries":[{"id":"mug-capacity-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Coffee mug capacity and body envelope","summary":"A standard coffee mug holds 0.3-0.4 L (300-400 mL, typical 350 mL) in a body 70-90 mm outer diameter and 90-100 mm tall, sized for a full hand-wrap grip.","applies":["coffee mug","mug","tumbler"],"value":{"min":0.3,"max":0.4,"typical":0.35,"unit":"L"},"basis":"Common ceramic mug capacity for an 8-12 fl oz hot-beverage serving with headroom below the rim","sources":["fluentincoffee-mugsize"],"tags":["mug","capacity","envelope"]},{"id":"mug-wall-thickness-ceramic","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Ceramic mug wall and floor thickness","summary":"A ceramic (stoneware/porcelain) mug wall runs 3-5 mm thick, floor 5-7 mm, thick enough to survive glaze firing without being so thick it slows heat transfer to the drink.","applies":["coffee mug","ceramic","stoneware","porcelain"],"value":{"min":3,"max":5,"typical":4,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Standard studio/industrial ceramic ware wall-thickness range balancing thermal-shock resistance against firing warp","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["mug","wall","ceramic"]},{"id":"mug-handle-clearance","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Mug handle finger clearance","summary":"Size the handle opening at least 25 mm deep (wall to handle) and 60 mm tall so three fingers can hook through together; under 25 mm deep only fits one or two fingers.","applies":["coffee mug","handle","teapot","kettle"],"value":{"min":25,"unit":"mm","note":"opening depth; opening height >=60mm for 3 fingers"},"basis":"Average adult finger width ~18-20mm x3 plus clearance for a relaxed grip through the loop","sources":["fluentincoffee-mugsize"],"tags":["mug","handle","ergonomics"]},{"id":"mug-base-foot-ring","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Mug base foot ring","summary":"Give a mug a 1-2 mm recessed foot ring 5-8 mm in from the outer wall so the unglazed footprint touching the table/kiln shelf is a thin ring, not the full underside.","applies":["coffee mug","bowl","plate","foot ring"],"value":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"A recessed foot keeps the glazed underside off the kiln shelf during firing and off the table afterward","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["mug","foot","base"]},{"id":"tumbler-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Cup/tumbler capacity and body envelope","summary":"A drinking tumbler or cup runs 0.2-0.5 L in a straight or lightly tapered body 60-85 mm diameter and 90-130 mm tall, taller and narrower than a mug for a one-hand grip without a handle.","applies":["tumbler","cup","drinkware"],"value":{"min":0.2,"max":0.5,"typical":0.35,"unit":"L"},"basis":"Common single-wall drinkware capacity and proportions for a handle-free one-hand grip","sources":["fluentincoffee-mugsize"],"tags":["tumbler","cup","envelope"]},{"id":"bowl-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Mixing/salad bowl envelope","summary":"A mixing or salad bowl runs 150-300 mm rim diameter and 70-130 mm deep, with a flared wall (rim wider than base) so a whisk or hand can reach the base.","applies":["bowl","mixing bowl","salad bowl"],"value":{"min":150,"max":300,"typical":220,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common flared-wall bowl proportions used across ceramic and plastic mixing/serving bowls","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["bowl","envelope","flare"]},{"id":"plate-envelope-rim","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Dinner plate diameter and rim","summary":"A dinner plate runs 250-280 mm (10-11 in) diameter with a 15-30 mm rim band around a slightly recessed 150-200 mm well.","applies":["plate","dinner plate","tableware"],"value":{"min":250,"max":280,"typical":265,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common Western dinner-plate diameter range with a standard rimmed profile","sources":["webstaurant-plate-guide"],"tags":["plate","rim","envelope"]},{"id":"water-bottle-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Reusable water bottle envelope","summary":"A reusable water bottle runs 0.5-1.0 L capacity in a body 60-80 mm diameter and 200-280 mm tall, sized to fit a standard cup-holder (max ~72 mm bore).","applies":["water bottle","bottle"],"value":{"min":0.5,"max":1,"typical":0.75,"unit":"L"},"basis":"Common single-serving reusable bottle capacity sized to clear a car cup-holder's ~72mm bore","sources":["isbt-threadspecs"],"tags":["bottle","envelope","capacity"]},{"id":"water-bottle-thread-28mm-pco","kind":"standard","tier":1,"title":"28 mm PCO 1881 beverage bottle neck finish","summary":"The PCO 1881 28 mm neck finish (ISBT 2009) has a 21.74 mm bore, 17.2 mm finish height and 2 thread turns, the global standard beverage closure for a custom bottle taking an off-the-shelf 28mm cap.","applies":["water bottle","pet bottle","bottle cap"],"value":{"value":28,"unit":"mm","note":"bore 21.74mm; finish height 17.2mm; 2 thread turns"},"basis":"ISBT ThreadSpecs PCO 1881 finalized 2009 as the lightweighted successor to PCO 1810","sources":["isbt-threadspecs"],"tags":["bottle","thread","pco1881"]},{"id":"water-bottle-thread-63mm-wide-mouth","kind":"standard","tier":1,"title":"63 mm wide-mouth jar/bottle finish (63-485)","summary":"The 63mm wide-mouth finish (GPI 63-485) gives a 63 mm bore for a jar or wide-mouth bottle meant for scooping, versus the narrow 28mm beverage finish sized for sipping.","applies":["water bottle","jar","wide mouth"],"value":{"value":63,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Glass Packaging Institute 63-485 finish standard, the common wide-mouth designation across glass and PET containers","sources":["gpi-glass-finish"],"tags":["bottle","jar","thread","wide-mouth"]},{"id":"cutlery-spoon-fork-length","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Table spoon and fork overall length","summary":"A place-size dinner fork runs 200-210 mm overall and a soup/table spoon 175-215 mm, with the bowl or tines roughly 40% of the total length.","applies":["spoon","fork","cutlery","flatware"],"value":{"min":175,"max":215,"typical":200,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common place-size (American) flatware length range used across stainless cutlery lines","sources":["steelcity-cutlery"],"tags":["cutlery","spoon","fork","length"]},{"id":"spatula-ladle-dims","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Spatula and ladle overall dimensions","summary":"A kitchen spatula runs 250-300 mm overall with a 60-90 mm wide blade, and a ladle 280-320 mm overall with a 60-80 mm diameter bowl, both keeping the hand clear of a hot pot rim.","applies":["spatula","ladle","kitchen utensil"],"value":{"min":250,"max":320,"typical":290,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common long-handled kitchen-utensil proportions sized to keep the hand clear of a hot pot rim","sources":["steelcity-cutlery"],"tags":["spatula","ladle","utensil"]},{"id":"bottle-opener-crown-cap","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"26 mm crown cap and bottle-opener lever","summary":"A standard crown cap is 26 mm nominal (26.7 mm OD, 21 crimps) gripping a 26.5 mm bottle lip; the opener hook engages the crimped skirt and levers ~20-30 mm from the fulcrum.","applies":["bottle opener","crown cap"],"value":{"value":26,"unit":"mm","note":"OD ~26.7mm; 21 crimps; lever arm 20-30mm"},"basis":"The 26mm crown finish has been the international beer/soda bottle-cap standard for over a century","sources":["crown-cap-26mm"],"tags":["bottle-opener","crown-cap","lever"]},{"id":"cookie-cutter-wall-thickness","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Cookie cutter cutting-edge wall thickness","summary":"A cookie cutter's cutting wall runs 0.8-1.0 mm thick — thin enough to shear dough cleanly, thick enough to hold its shape and not deform when pressed.","applies":["cookie cutter"],"value":{"min":0.8,"max":1,"typical":0.9,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Thin-wall metal/plastic cookie-cutter blades common across bakeware manufacturers","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["cookie-cutter","wall","blade"]},{"id":"cookie-cutter-height-flange","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Cookie cutter height and finger flange","summary":"A cookie cutter stands 15-20 mm tall — clearing a 10-12 mm dough sheet — with an optional 3-5 mm flange or rolled top edge so a finger can press down without biting into the palm.","applies":["cookie cutter"],"value":{"min":15,"max":20,"typical":18,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common cookie-cutter height clearing a standard rolled dough thickness with a press-flange for finger safety","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["cookie-cutter","height","flange"]},{"id":"funnel-cone-spout","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Funnel cone angle and spout diameter","summary":"A kitchen funnel tapers at a 40-60 deg full cone angle from a 70-120 mm mouth down to an 8-15 mm spout OD, steep enough to drain by gravity without bridging.","applies":["funnel"],"value":{"min":40,"max":60,"typical":50,"unit":"deg"},"basis":"A cone angle in this range drains most kitchen liquids by gravity without surface-tension bridging","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["funnel","cone","spout"]},{"id":"teapot-kettle-spout-lid","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Teapot/kettle spout height versus lid","summary":"Set the spout tip at or slightly above the lid's highest point (within 5-10 mm) so the pot fills to its practical maximum before liquid reaches the lid seam.","applies":["teapot","kettle"],"value":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"mm","note":"spout tip height above lid crown"},"basis":"Classic teapot/kettle proportion rule so the usable fill line is set by the spout, not the lid seal","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["teapot","kettle","spout"]},{"id":"chopping-board-envelope","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Chopping/cutting board size and thickness","summary":"A home chopping board runs 300-450 mm long, 200-300 mm wide and 12-38 mm thick (plastic HDPE commonly 12.7 mm / 1/2in; wood boards 18-38 mm).","applies":["chopping board","cutting board"],"value":{"min":12,"max":38,"typical":18,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common commercial NSF-listed HDPE board thickness (1/2in) versus thicker solid-wood board practice","sources":["cuttingboard-nsf"],"tags":["chopping-board","thickness","envelope"]},{"id":"knife-handle-basics","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Kitchen knife handle length and diameter","summary":"A kitchen knife handle runs 100-130 mm long and 20-28 mm through its grip, sized for a full four-finger wrap with the thumb along the spine or bolster.","applies":["knife handle","knife"],"value":{"min":100,"max":130,"typical":115,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common Western chef's-knife handle proportions for a full-hand pinch or hammer grip","sources":["iso-8442-2"],"tags":["knife","handle","ergonomics"]},{"id":"jar-lid-standard-sizes","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Standard jar lid thread sizes","summary":"Common jar/lid thread sizes run 43, 53, 63, 70 and 89 mm bore (twist-off canning and retort jars), the number naming the lid's nominal thread diameter.","applies":["jar lid","jar"],"value":{"options":[43,53,63,70,89],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common twist-off (CT) and lug-cap jar finish sizes used across food-jar packaging","sources":["gpi-glass-finish"],"tags":["jar-lid","thread","sizes"]},{"id":"dishwasher-temperature-material-tg","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Dishwasher wash/rinse temperature versus material Tg","summary":"A residential dishwasher's hot wash runs 49-66 C and an NSF/ANSI 184 sanitize rinse hits ~66 C; a dishwasher-safe part needs a Tg/heat-deflection point above 66 C, ruling out plain PLA (Tg ~55-60 C).","applies":["housing","water bottle","jar lid","mug"],"value":{"min":49,"max":66,"typical":60,"unit":"C"},"basis":"NSF/ANSI 184 sets the 66C sanitize-rinse benchmark residential dishwashers are certified to reach","sources":["nsf-ansi-184"],"tags":["dishwasher","temperature","tg"]},{"id":"food-contact-material-compliance","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Food-contact material compliance (FDA/EU)","summary":"Any surface touching food or drink needs a food-contact-cleared material — FDA 21 CFR 177 (US) or EU 10/2011 (Europe) — and compliance is per resin grade, not generic to the polymer family.","applies":["mug","bowl","plate","water bottle","cutlery","chopping board","cookie cutter"],"basis":"FDA 21 CFR 177 and EU 10/2011 are the two governing food-contact-plastics regimes a tableware design must clear","sources":["fda-21cfr177","eu-10-2011"],"tags":["food-contact","fda","eu","compliance"]},{"id":"mug-handle-attachment-load-path","kind":"feature","tier":2,"title":"Mug handle attachment and load path","summary":"Attach a handle across two pads each at least 1.5x the wall thickness in diameter, so the joint spreads a lifting load (a full 350 mL mug is ~4-5 N) over area instead of a thin seam that cracks first.","applies":["coffee mug","handle"],"value":{"min":1.5,"unit":"ratio","note":"pad diameter / wall thickness"},"basis":"A wider attachment pad lowers the local stress at the handle-to-body joint, the classic failure point on a knocked mug","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["mug","handle","attachment"]},{"id":"tumbler-lid-compatibility","kind":"dimension","tier":2,"title":"Tumbler lid diameter compatibility","summary":"Size a tumbler's rim to a common lid bore of 70-90 mm (matching widely stocked press-fit or screw-travel lids) so a custom tumbler can still take an off-the-shelf lid.","applies":["tumbler","cup"],"value":{"min":70,"max":90,"typical":80,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common reusable-cup lid bore range across major drinkware brands","sources":["fluentincoffee-mugsize"],"tags":["tumbler","lid","compatibility"]},{"id":"bowl-nesting-stack-taper","kind":"rule","tier":2,"title":"Bowl nesting/stacking wall taper","summary":"Taper a bowl set's wall 3-6 deg from vertical so successive sizes nest without wedging, spacing nested diameters at least 10-15 mm apart so a nested bowl can be pulled back out by hand.","applies":["bowl","mixing bowl set"],"value":{"min":3,"max":6,"unit":"deg"},"basis":"A shallow taper lets a bowl set nest for storage while the diameter step keeps them from jamming under their own weight","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["bowl","nesting","taper"]},{"id":"plate-stacking-lug","kind":"feature","tier":2,"title":"Plate stacking lug/foot height","summary":"A stackable plate's foot ring or three raised stacking lugs stand 3-5 mm proud of the well, enough to clear rim decoration below but low enough that a tall stack stays stable.","applies":["plate","stacking"],"value":{"min":3,"max":5,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"A shallow stacking foot spaces plates enough to avoid glaze-on-glaze wear without making a tall stack unstable","sources":["webstaurant-plate-guide"],"tags":["plate","stacking","lug"]},{"id":"water-bottle-cap-thread-engagement","kind":"rule","tier":2,"title":"Bottle cap thread engagement turns","summary":"Give a bottle cap at least 1.5-2 full thread turns of engagement, matching the 28mm PCO finish's own 2-turn spec, so the cap seals and resists cross-threading without needing more than a half-turn-and-a-half to remove.","applies":["water bottle","bottle cap"],"value":{"min":1.5,"max":2,"unit":"count"},"basis":"Fewer than ~1.5 turns risks cross-threading; beverage closures standardise on 1.5-2 turns for a fast open/close","sources":["isbt-threadspecs"],"tags":["bottle","thread","engagement"]},{"id":"fork-tine-spacing","kind":"dimension","tier":2,"title":"Fork tine count and spacing","summary":"A standard table fork carries 4 tines spaced 4-5 mm apart (about 20-22 mm tip to tip), close enough to spear small food and wide enough not to clog on fibrous food.","applies":["fork","cutlery"],"value":{"min":4,"max":5,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common 4-tine place-size fork spacing balancing food-spearing size against clogging on fibrous foods","sources":["steelcity-cutlery"],"tags":["fork","tine","cutlery"]},{"id":"bottle-opener-lever-mechanical-advantage","kind":"rule","tier":2,"title":"Bottle-opener lever mechanical advantage","summary":"A bottle-opener lever gives roughly 3-4x mechanical advantage (hand distance / hook distance from the fulcrum), enough to pop a crown cap's ~500-800 N crimp-release force with a ~150-200 N hand pull.","applies":["bottle opener"],"value":{"min":3,"max":4,"unit":"ratio"},"basis":"A class-1 lever's mechanical advantage is set by the ratio of its two arm lengths either side of the fulcrum on the bottle neck","sources":["crown-cap-26mm"],"tags":["bottle-opener","lever","mechanical-advantage"]},{"id":"cookie-cutter-cutting-edge-bevel","kind":"feature","tier":2,"title":"Cookie cutter cutting-edge bevel","summary":"Bevel the bottom 2-3 mm of a cookie cutter's wall down to a sharper 0.3-0.5 mm edge (from the nominal 0.8-1.0mm wall) so it shears dough with less downward force instead of crushing it.","applies":["cookie cutter"],"value":{"min":0.3,"max":0.5,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"A thinned bottom edge concentrates the cutting force into a narrower contact line, the same principle as any blade bevel","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["cookie-cutter","bevel","edge"]},{"id":"funnel-spout-fit-to-neck","kind":"dimension","tier":2,"title":"Funnel spout fit to bottle neck","summary":"Size a funnel spout OD 1-2 mm under the target bottle's inner neck bore (e.g. ~19-20 mm OD for a 21.74 mm PCO-1881 bore) so it seats without wedging or rattling.","applies":["funnel","water bottle"],"value":{"min":1,"max":2,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"A close, non-wedging clearance keeps the funnel seated in the neck under the weight of the liquid being poured","sources":["isbt-threadspecs"],"tags":["funnel","spout","fit"]},{"id":"teapot-spout-drip-free-angle","kind":"rule","tier":2,"title":"Teapot spout drip-free pour angle","summary":"Cut the spout tip at a 30-45 deg angle to its own axis with a sharp outer edge, so surface tension breaks cleanly at the tip instead of the pour stream wetting the spout's underside.","applies":["teapot","kettle"],"value":{"min":30,"max":45,"unit":"deg"},"basis":"A sharp, angled tip gives the pour stream a clean separation point; a rounded tip lets liquid wick back along the underside","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["teapot","spout","drip"]},{"id":"chopping-board-warp-thickness-rule","kind":"rule","tier":2,"title":"Chopping board thickness versus warp resistance","summary":"Below about 10 mm a polymer or wood board warps noticeably across a 300+ mm span under kitchen humidity/heat cycling; the 12.7 mm (1/2in) commercial HDPE norm is the practical floor.","applies":["chopping board","cutting board"],"value":{"min":10,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Board stiffness against warp scales with thickness cubed, so the commercial 1/2in HDPE norm is the practical floor over ~300mm","sources":["cuttingboard-nsf"],"tags":["chopping-board","warp","thickness"]},{"id":"jar-lid-gasket-liner","kind":"feature","tier":2,"title":"Jar lid gasket/liner thickness","summary":"A twist-off jar lid's inner plastisol or foam gasket liner runs 0.5-1.2 mm thick around the lid's inner rim, compressing against the jar's sealing bead to hold vacuum.","applies":["jar lid"],"value":{"min":0.5,"max":1.2,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common twist-off closure liner thickness that seals against the jar finish's sealing surface under cap torque alone","sources":["gpi-glass-finish"],"tags":["jar-lid","gasket","liner"]},{"id":"material-food-contact-pp","kind":"material","tier":2,"title":"Polypropylene (PP) for food-contact tableware","summary":"PP (~0.905 g/cm3) is a common food-contact tableware resin (FDA 21 CFR 177.1520 / EU 10/2011 listed), heat-tolerant to 100C+, used for reusable cups, lids and cutting boards.","applies":["water bottle","chopping board","jar lid","cutlery"],"value":{"value":0.905,"unit":"g/cm3"},"basis":"Standard homopolymer PP resin datasheet density; PP's heat resistance well exceeds dishwasher/microwave temperatures","sources":["fda-21cfr177"],"tags":["material","pp","food-contact"]},{"id":"material-food-contact-petg-pla","kind":"material","tier":2,"title":"PETG and PLA for printed/molded tableware","summary":"PETG (~1.27 g/cm3) is food-contact safe and dishwasher-tolerant to ~70C; PLA (~1.24 g/cm3) is compostable (ASTM D6400) but its ~55-60C Tg means it warps in a hot dishwasher, decorative-use-only.","applies":["water bottle","cutlery","cookie cutter"],"value":{"table":[{"material":"petg","density":1.27},{"material":"pla","density":1.24}],"unit":"g/cm3"},"basis":"Standard PETG and PLA filament/resin datasheet densities; PLA's low Tg is the key caveat for anything that meets hot water","sources":["astm-d6400","fda-21cfr177"],"tags":["material","petg","pla","food-contact"]},{"id":"material-stainless-304-316","kind":"material","tier":2,"title":"Stainless steel 304/316 for cutlery and bottles","summary":"304 stainless (~8.0 g/cm3) is the standard food-contact grade for cutlery and bottle bodies (ISO 8442-2); 316 (~8.0 g/cm3) adds molybdenum for better resistance to salty/acidic contents.","applies":["cutlery","water bottle","spoon","fork"],"value":{"value":8,"unit":"g/cm3"},"basis":"ISO 8442-2 specifies austenitic stainless steel requirements for cutlery and table holloware","sources":["iso-8442-2"],"tags":["material","stainless","304","316"]},{"id":"material-stoneware-porcelain-shrinkage","kind":"material","tier":2,"title":"Stoneware and porcelain firing shrinkage","summary":"Stoneware clay bodies shrink about 10-13% wet-to-fired and porcelain 12-15%+ (higher for a more vitrified body) — model a ceramic mug or bowl oversized by this factor to land on the fired target.","applies":["coffee mug","bowl","plate","ceramic"],"value":{"min":10,"max":15,"typical":12,"unit":"%"},"basis":"Digitalfire ceramic materials database wet-to-fired shrinkage ranges for common stoneware and porcelain bodies","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["material","stoneware","porcelain","shrinkage"]},{"id":"test-drop-tableware","kind":"test","tier":2,"title":"Drop test for ceramic/glass tableware","summary":"Drop a mug, bowl or plate 750-1000 mm onto a hard floor on its base, side and rim; passing needs the foot-ring radius and a wall without a thin/thick step that concentrates impact stress.","applies":["coffee mug","bowl","plate"],"value":{"min":750,"max":1000,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common household counter/table-height drop scenario used to qualify everyday ceramic and glass tableware","sources":["iec-60068-2-31"],"tags":["test","drop","tableware"]},{"id":"test-thermal-shock-ceramic","kind":"test","tier":2,"title":"Thermal shock test for ceramic ware (ASTM C554)","summary":"ASTM C554 quenches ceramic ware heated to 63-77C into ~20C water (a delta-T of 43-57C); passing needs uniform wall thickness since a thick/thin step is where a thermal-shock crack starts.","applies":["coffee mug","bowl","teapot","kettle"],"value":{"min":43,"max":57,"unit":"C"},"basis":"ASTM C554's water-quench thermal-shock method for glazed ceramicware, applied at oven-to-counter or dishwasher-to-counter delta-T","sources":["astm-c554"],"tags":["test","thermal-shock","ceramic"]},{"id":"test-handle-load","kind":"test","tier":2,"title":"Handle static/dynamic load test","summary":"Apply a 20-30 N pull load at the handle grip centre (roughly 5-6x a full 350 mL mug's own ~4-5 N weight, covering a swinging carry) and hold for 60 s; passing means no crack at the attachment pads.","applies":["coffee mug","handle","teapot"],"value":{"min":20,"max":30,"unit":"N"},"basis":"A multiple-of-weight pull load covers a dynamic carry rather than just the mug's static hanging weight","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["test","handle","load"]},{"id":"recipe-coffee-mug","kind":"recipe","tier":2,"title":"Recipe: coffee mug body with D-handle","summary":"Build a mug: an 80mm-outer-diameter x 95mm-tall hollow cylinder (4mm wall, 6mm floor) with a D-shaped handle loop unioned onto one side, giving a 34mm-deep x 64mm-tall finger-clearance opening.","applies":["coffee mug"],"basis":"Combines mug-capacity-envelope, mug-wall-thickness-ceramic and mug-handle-clearance into one buildable hollow body with an attached handle loop","sources":["fluentincoffee-mugsize","digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["recipe","mug","handle"],"recipe":{"prompt":"Model a coffee mug: 80mm outer diameter, 95mm tall, 4mm wall, with a D-shaped handle loop on one side sized for 3 fingers","steps":[{"tool":"cad_cylinder","args":{"r":40,"h":95},"note":"outer body cylinder"},{"tool":"cad_cylinder","args":{"r":36,"h":95,"origin":[0,0,6]},"note":"inner cavity cylinder, floor 6mm thick, open through the top"},{"tool":"cad_boolean_subtract","args":{"of":"$0","tool":"$1"},"note":"hollow the mug body"},{"tool":"cad_box","args":{"dx":44,"dy":10,"dz":10,"origin":[38,-5,10]},"note":"bottom handle arm, embedded 2mm into the wall"},{"tool":"cad_boolean_union","args":{"of":"$2","tool":"$3","meshFallback":true},"note":"fuse the bottom arm onto the curved body"},{"tool":"cad_box","args":{"dx":44,"dy":10,"dz":10,"origin":[38,-5,84]},"note":"top handle arm"},{"tool":"cad_box","args":{"dx":8,"dy":10,"dz":84,"origin":[74,-5,10]},"note":"outer handle bridge connecting the two arms"},{"tool":"cad_boolean_union","args":{"of":"$5","tool":"$6"},"note":"fuse the top arm and bridge into one handle loop"},{"tool":"cad_boolean_union","args":{"of":"$4","tool":"$7","meshFallback":true},"note":"fuse the handle loop onto the mug body"}],"expect":{"volume":128474.23,"faceCount":425,"watertight":true,"note":"refuses 2026-09-19: step 8 cad_boolean_union refuses E_GEOMETRY 'boolean identity violated — vol(result)+vol(intersect) = 127880.386 but the operands hold 129506.336 (1.255% off, tolerance 1%)' on the meshFallback handle union. 128474.23/425 is the last known-good pin, and on a meshFallback body that faceCount was a tessellation DENSITY rather than a topology fact; neither is compared until it builds"}}},{"id":"recipe-mixing-bowl","kind":"recipe","tier":2,"title":"Recipe: flared mixing bowl body","summary":"Build a flared mixing bowl: revolve a hollow profile from a 60mm-diameter foot up to a 180mm-diameter rim over 70mm height, wall/floor ~4mm, in a single revolve with no separate shell step.","applies":["bowl","mixing bowl"],"basis":"Combines bowl-envelope and bowl-nesting-stack-taper into one single-step revolve build, the standard way to model a body of revolution with a floor","sources":["digitalfire-shrinkage"],"tags":["recipe","bowl","revolve"],"recipe":{"prompt":"Model a flared mixing bowl: 60mm foot diameter, 180mm rim diameter, 70mm tall, ~4mm wall and floor","steps":[{"tool":"cad_revolve_profile","args":{"profile":[[0,0],[30,0],[90,70],[86,70],[26,4],[0,4]]},"note":"revolve the half-profile: outer wall up from the foot to the flared rim, across the rim, down the inner wall to the floor, and back to the axis"}],"expect":{"volume":145216.98,"faceCount":9,"watertight":true,"note":"measured 2026-09-19: agrees with the kernel on the CADSF-1630 corpus sweep — volume inside the 0.5% band and faceCount exact"}}},{"id":"recipe-cookie-cutter","kind":"recipe","tier":2,"title":"Recipe: scalloped cookie cutter with press flange","summary":"Build a round cookie cutter: a 60mm-diameter, 18mm-tall, 0.8mm-wall cutting ring whose outer profile carries four wider scalloped tabs (to 35mm radius) as an integral press flange, in one extrude.","applies":["cookie cutter"],"basis":"Combines cookie-cutter-wall-thickness and cookie-cutter-height-flange into one single-step extrude whose outer loop already carries the flange geometry, avoiding a fragile ring-on-ring boolean union","sources":["nsf-ansi-51"],"tags":["recipe","cookie-cutter","extrude"],"recipe":{"prompt":"Model a round cookie cutter: 60mm cutting diameter, 18mm tall, 0.8mm wall, with four scalloped press-flange tabs on the outer edge","steps":[{"tool":"cad_extrude_profile","args":{"outer":[[35,0],[34.867,3.05],[34.468,6.078],[29.336,7.86],[28.191,10.261],[27.189,12.679],[25.981,15],[24.575,17.207],[22.981,19.284],[21.213,21.213],[19.284,22.981],[17.207,24.575],[15,25.981],[12.679,27.189],[10.261,28.191],[7.86,29.336],[6.078,34.468],[3.05,34.867],[0,35],[-3.05,34.867],[-6.078,34.468],[-7.86,29.336],[-10.261,28.191],[-12.679,27.189],[-15,25.981],[-17.207,24.575],[-19.284,22.981],[-21.213,21.213],[-22.981,19.284],[-24.575,17.207],[-25.981,15],[-27.189,12.679],[-28.191,10.261],[-29.336,7.86],[-34.468,6.078],[-34.867,3.05],[-35,0],[-34.867,-3.05],[-34.468,-6.078],[-29.336,-7.86],[-28.191,-10.261],[-27.189,-12.679],[-25.981,-15],[-24.575,-17.207],[-22.981,-19.284],[-21.213,-21.213],[-19.284,-22.981],[-17.207,-24.575],[-15,-25.981],[-12.679,-27.189],[-10.261,-28.191],[-7.86,-29.336],[-6.078,-34.468],[-3.05,-34.867],[0,-35],[3.05,-34.867],[6.078,-34.468],[7.86,-29.336],[10.261,-28.191],[12.679,-27.189],[15,-25.981],[17.207,-24.575],[19.284,-22.981],[21.213,-21.213],[22.981,-19.284],[24.575,-17.207],[25.981,-15],[27.189,-12.679],[28.191,-10.261],[29.336,-7.86],[34.468,-6.078],[34.867,-3.05]],"holes":[[[29.2,0],[28.468,-6.498],[26.308,-12.669],[22.829,-18.206],[18.206,-22.829],[12.669,-26.308],[6.498,-28.468],[0,-29.2],[-6.498,-28.468],[-12.669,-26.308],[-18.206,-22.829],[-22.829,-18.206],[-26.308,-12.669],[-28.468,-6.498],[-29.2,0],[-28.468,6.498],[-26.308,12.669],[-22.829,18.206],[-18.206,22.829],[-12.669,26.308],[-6.498,28.468],[0,29.2],[6.498,28.468],[12.669,26.308],[18.206,22.829],[22.829,18.206],[26.308,12.669],[28.468,6.498]]],"depth":18},"note":"single extrude: outer loop traces the 30mm cutting-ring radius plus four 35mm scalloped press tabs; hole traces the 29.2mm inner bore for a 0.8mm wall"}],"expect":{"volume":8189.24,"faceCount":102,"watertight":true,"note":"measured 2026-09-19: agrees with the kernel — volume within 0.5% and faceCount exact. 102 is an honest analytic count (the crimped outline), not a tessellation"}}}]}