{"$schema":"nativecad-dfm-pack/1","id":"toys-games","title":"Toys & games — dice, chess, bricks, spinners, puzzles, miniatures","sector":"toys-games","version":"2026-09-04","summary":"Dice, chess sets, toy cars, fidget spinners, yo-yos, frisbees, brick-compatible blocks, jigsaw puzzles, miniatures/figurines, spinning tops, marble runs, board-game tokens and balls: the dimensions, interface fits and materials, plus the EN 71-1/ASTM F963/16 CFR 1501 small-parts and mechanical safety tests a toy is held to.","aliases":["dice","die","d6","casino dice","polyhedral dice","chess set","chess piece","staunton chess piece","chess pawn","toy car","die-cast car","fidget spinner","yo-yo","yoyo","ultimate disc","flying disc","building block","brick-compatible block","jigsaw puzzle piece","figurine","tabletop miniature","spinning top","marble run","meeple","board game token","ping pong ball","table tennis ball"],"crossSector":false,"size":"core","sources":[{"id":"en-71-1","title":"EN 71-1:2014+A1 Safety of toys — Mechanical and physical properties","url":"https://law.resource.org/pub/eu/toys/en.71.1.2014.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"bricklink-dims","title":"BrickLink — Item Dimensions: Stud Dimensions and Other Standards","url":"https://www.bricklink.com/help.asp?helpID=261","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"staunton-sizing","title":"House of Staunton — Choosing Chess Piece Sizes","url":"https://www.houseofstaunton.com/blogs/general/chess-piece-sizes","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"uscf-sizing","title":"US Chess Sales — Guide to Chess Piece Sizes","url":"https://www.uscfsales.com/blogs/chess-pieces/chess-piece-sizes","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"bearing-608","title":"608 miniature ball bearing dimensions, 8x22x7mm","url":"https://iskbearing.com/product-details/608","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"yoyo-bearing-c","title":"YoYoTricks — SPEC Bearing Size C","url":"https://yoyotricks.com/shop/spec-bearing-size-c/","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"usau-disc-standards","title":"USA Ultimate / WFDF approved disc standards","url":"https://archive.usaultimate.org/discstandards/","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"dicegame-authority","title":"Dice Types, Sizes and Specifications Reference","url":"https://dicegameauthority.com/dice-types-and-specifications","accessed":"2026-09-04"},{"id":"ittf-ball-spec","title":"ITTF-approved 40 mm table tennis ball specification","url":"https://www.allabouttabletennis.com/40mm-table-tennis-balls.html","accessed":"2026-09-04"}],"entries":[{"id":"dice-standard-16mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Standard six-sided die edge length","summary":"A standard d6 boardgame die runs a 12-19 mm cube edge, 16 mm the most common size for retail boxed games; scale pip diameter/depth and edge radius from the edge, not a fixed number.","applies":["dice","d6","die"],"value":{"min":12,"max":19,"typical":16,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common commodity d6 edge range across boxed board games and RPG sets","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["dice","d6","size"]},{"id":"dice-pip-dimensions","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Die pip diameter and depth as a fraction of edge length","summary":"Engrave each pip at roughly 10-12% of the die's edge length in diameter and 4-5% of the edge in depth (a 16 mm die: about 1.8 mm pip diameter, 0.7 mm deep), spaced so the 21 pips stay inside the corner-blend tangent rails.","applies":["dice","pips","engraving"],"value":{"min":10,"max":12,"typical":11,"unit":"%","note":"pip diameter as % of edge; depth 4-5% of edge"},"basis":"cad_dice_pips scales pipRadius/pipDepth from face size; kernel-proven default ratios for a blended cube","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["dice","pips","engraving"],"check":{"process":"additive","rule":"min_feature_size"}},{"id":"dice-edge-radius","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Die corner/edge blend radius","summary":"Round a boardgame die's corners and edges 5-10% of the edge length (about 1-1.5 mm on a 16 mm die) so it rolls cleanly and doesn't chip; a casino/precision die instead keeps a near-zero 'razor' edge on purpose, since a rounded edge biases the roll.","applies":["dice","d6","casino dice"],"value":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"%","note":"corner/edge blend radius as % of edge length; casino dice use ~0"},"basis":"A rolled die needs enough edge radius to tumble and survive drops without chipping; a fair casino die needs the opposite, a true sharp cube, so the roll isn't biased toward a rounded face","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["dice","edge","radius","fillet"]},{"id":"dice-balance-tolerance","kind":"tolerance","tier":1,"title":"Die mass balance after pip drilling","summary":"A fair die keeps its centre of mass within about 0.05 mm of its geometric centre; casino dice fill each of the 21 drilled pip holes with epoxy weighted to match the density of the plastic removed, so no face is left lighter than its opposite.","applies":["dice","casino dice","balance"],"value":{"max":0.05,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Drilled-and-filled pip construction must not leave a mass bias that favours the face opposite the most-drilled face (the 6-face) in the roll","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["dice","balance","mass","fair-roll"]},{"id":"chess-king-height-95mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Tournament Staunton king height","summary":"FIDE/USCF tournament recommendation puts the Staunton king at 95 mm (3.75 in) tall, with club/home sets ranging 85-105 mm; every other piece's height and the board's own square size are proportioned off this one number.","applies":["chess","chess set","staunton chess piece","king"],"value":{"min":85,"max":105,"typical":95,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"FIDE tournament-equipment recommendation for Staunton-pattern king height","sources":["staunton-sizing","uscf-sizing"],"tags":["chess","king","staunton","height"]},{"id":"chess-base-diameter-ratio","kind":"rule","tier":1,"title":"Chess king base diameter as a fraction of king height","summary":"Size the king's base diameter to 40-45% of its own height (a 95 mm king takes a 38-43 mm base); a wider base up to ~50% is common on heavier weighted sets, and a narrower base tips over in play.","applies":["chess","chess set","king","base"],"value":{"min":40,"max":45,"typical":42,"unit":"%"},"basis":"FIDE/USCF proportion guidance balancing a tall Staunton piece against tip-over stability on a felted board","sources":["staunton-sizing","uscf-sizing"],"tags":["chess","base","stability","proportion"]},{"id":"toy-car-axle-diameter-4mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Toy car axle rod diameter","summary":"A pocket-scale toy or die-cast car runs a 4 mm steel axle rod (common range 2.5-5 mm for smaller/larger models), pressed or crimped into the chassis with the wheel free-spinning on it.","applies":["toy car","die-cast car","axle"],"value":{"min":2.5,"max":5,"typical":4,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Common die-cast/plastic toy-car axle rod stock size across pocket-scale models","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["toy-car","axle","diameter"]},{"id":"fidget-spinner-bearing-pocket-608","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Fidget spinner 608 bearing pocket","summary":"Size the centre bearing pocket for a standard 608 bearing, 22 mm OD x 8 mm bore x 7 mm wide, with a 0.05-0.1 mm press-fit interference on the pocket OD and a 0.1-0.2 mm through-clearance on the bore side so the outer race is gripped and the inner race spins free.","applies":["fidget spinner","bearing","608"],"value":{"value":22,"unit":"mm","note":"pocket bore for 608 OD; bearing is 22x8x7mm"},"basis":"608 is the de-facto standard skate/spinner bearing; a spinner body is designed around its published envelope","sources":["bearing-608"],"tags":["fidget-spinner","bearing","608","press-fit"]},{"id":"yoyo-gap-width","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Yo-yo string gap width","summary":"Set the gap between a yo-yo's two half-bodies to 2-4 mm for unresponsive string-trick play (a wider gap needs more string wraps to bind and 'sleep' longer); a fixed-axle or responsive yo-yo runs the narrow end of the range so it climbs the string on a tug.","applies":["yo-yo","yoyo","gap"],"value":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"The gap sets how much string must wrap around the axle/bearing before the two halves bind together and the yo-yo returns to the hand","sources":["yoyo-bearing-c"],"tags":["yoyo","gap","string"]},{"id":"yoyo-bearing-size-c","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Yo-yo Size C bearing envelope","summary":"The yo-yo industry's Size C bearing (the modern standard for unresponsive play) measures 6.35 mm bore x 12.7 mm OD x 4.75 mm wide (0.25 x 0.5 x 0.1875 in); seat it on the axle with a light press fit on the bore and a running clearance on the OD against the half-body pocket.","applies":["yo-yo","yoyo","bearing","size c"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"bore","value":6.35},{"param":"od","value":12.7},{"param":"width","value":4.75}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Size C is the de-facto industry-standard yo-yo transaxle bearing size","sources":["yoyo-bearing-c"],"tags":["yoyo","bearing","size-c"]},{"id":"frisbee-ultimate-175g-274mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"WFDF/USAU regulation ultimate disc","summary":"A regulation ultimate disc weighs 175 g (+/-3 g), spans 274 mm (+/-3 mm) in diameter and stands 32 mm (+/-2 mm) tall — every WFDF/USAU-approved disc mould is built to this envelope so discs from different makers still fly and stack the same.","applies":["frisbee","ultimate disc","flying disc"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"weight","value":175,"unit":"g"},{"param":"diameter","value":274,"unit":"mm"},{"param":"height","value":32,"unit":"mm"}]},"basis":"WFDF/USAU approved-disc testing criteria for competitive ultimate play","sources":["usau-disc-standards"],"tags":["frisbee","ultimate","disc","wfdf"]},{"id":"brick-stud-pitch-8mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Brick-compatible stud grid pitch","summary":"Lay every stud on an 8 mm x 8 mm grid — the pitch that makes a brick-compatible part interlock with the wider LEGO-style ecosystem; a 2x4 brick's studs sit on this same 8 mm grid, 2 studs by 4 studs.","applies":["building block","brick-compatible block","stud"],"value":{"value":8,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Published brick-compatible stud grid pitch, the base unit every other brick-compatible dimension is derived from","sources":["bricklink-dims"],"tags":["brick","stud","pitch","grid"]},{"id":"brick-stud-diameter-height","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Brick-compatible stud diameter and height","summary":"A brick-compatible stud is 4.8 mm nominal diameter (real parts measure 4.85-4.9 mm) and 1.8 mm tall standing proud of the top face, centred on each 8 mm grid point.","applies":["building block","brick-compatible block","stud"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"diameter","value":4.8},{"param":"height","value":1.8}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Published brick-compatible stud envelope, the male half of the clutch-fit connection","sources":["bricklink-dims"],"tags":["brick","stud","diameter","height"]},{"id":"brick-wall-thickness","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Brick-compatible wall and ceiling thickness","summary":"Mould a brick-compatible shell with a 1.6 mm nominal wall and top (ceiling), thinning to 1.2 mm on a tight internal rib or gusset where a full 1.6 mm would sink the outer show face.","applies":["building block","brick-compatible block","wall"],"value":{"min":1.2,"max":1.6,"typical":1.6,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Published brick-compatible wall/ceiling thickness for a precision ABS injection-moulded shell","sources":["bricklink-dims"],"tags":["brick","wall","thickness"]},{"id":"brick-tube-od","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Brick-compatible anti-stud tube outer diameter","summary":"Size the hollow anti-stud tube under a multi-stud brick's ceiling to 6.51 mm outer diameter, clutching against the inside wall of a stud pressed up into it from the brick below — this is what gives clutch power, not the studs alone.","applies":["building block","brick-compatible block","tube","anti-stud"],"value":{"value":6.51,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Published brick-compatible anti-stud tube outer diameter, sized against the 4.8 mm stud for the clutch interference","sources":["bricklink-dims"],"tags":["brick","tube","anti-stud","clutch"]},{"id":"figurine-scale-28-32mm-heroic","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Tabletop miniature heroic scale","summary":"'28 mm heroic' and '32 mm heroic' describe a miniature's eye height in millimetres, deliberately scaled up (heroic) from true 1:64/1:56 scale for visual punch on a tabletop — a 28 mm-scale human figure stands roughly 30-32 mm to the top of the head including base.","applies":["figurine","tabletop miniature","scale"],"value":{"min":28,"max":32,"typical":28,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Industry-standard heroic wargaming scale convention, measured to eye height rather than total height","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["figurine","miniature","scale","heroic"]},{"id":"marble-run-marble-diameter-16mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"Standard marble diameter for a marble run","summary":"Design a marble run's track and funnels around a 16 mm marble (common range 14-19 mm across toy marble sets), the standard size that a run's channel width, gate spacing and funnel throat all key off.","applies":["marble run","marble"],"value":{"min":14,"max":19,"typical":16,"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Standard commodity toy-marble diameter, the reference size marble-run track geometry is built around","sources":["dicegame-authority"],"tags":["marble-run","marble","diameter"]},{"id":"ping-pong-ball-40mm","kind":"dimension","tier":1,"title":"ITTF regulation table tennis ball","summary":"A regulation table tennis ball is 40 mm in diameter (+/-0.5 mm) and weighs 2.7 g (2.67-2.77 g acceptable), moulded as a hollow ABS shell about 0.4 mm thick — the shell thickness and seam quality are what give it its 24-26 cm bounce from a 30 cm drop.","applies":["ball","ping pong ball","table tennis ball"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"diameter","value":40,"unit":"mm"},{"param":"mass","value":2.7,"unit":"g"},{"param":"shell","value":0.4,"unit":"mm"}]},"basis":"ITTF-approved 40 mm table tennis ball specification","sources":["ittf-ball-spec"],"tags":["ball","ping-pong","table-tennis","ittf"]},{"id":"standard-en71-1-small-parts","kind":"standard","tier":1,"title":"EN 71-1 small-parts test cylinder","summary":"EN 71-1 defines a 31.7 mm diameter x 57.1 mm deep test cylinder approximating a young child's fully expanded throat; any toy (or part detached by the standard's use-and-abuse tests) intended for a child under 36 months must not fit entirely inside it.","applies":["toy","small parts","safety"],"value":{"table":[{"param":"diameter","value":31.7},{"param":"depth","value":57.1}],"unit":"mm"},"basis":"Governing EU toy-safety standard for the small-parts choking-hazard test cylinder and the associated mechanical use-and-abuse test sequence","sources":["en-71-1"],"tags":["standard","en71","small-parts","safety"]}]}