NativeCAD Space Program

Every vehicle is an original 1:1 model built in NativeCAD from public figures. None carries insignia, markings, logos or trademarks.

A-10: USAF fact sheet "A-10 Thunderbolt II" (length 53 ft 4 in, span 57 ft 6 in, height 14 ft 8 in, empty weight 24,959 lb, two TF34-GE-100A); Jane's All the World's Aircraft, Fairchild Republic A-10A (wing area 506 sq ft, track 17 ft 2.5 in, wheelbase 17 ft 8.5 in, tailplane span 18 ft 10 in); D. Lednicer, "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" (A-10: NACA 6716 root, NACA 6713 tip); GE TF34 public data (fan diameter ~1.2 m); GAU-8/A public data (barrel length 2.3 m, 7 barrels); Tyre sizes 36x11 main, 24x7.7 nose (public); Wikipedia, "Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II" (Design): all gears retract forward; main wheels partially protrude from their nacelles when retracted; nose gear offset right of the centreline for the GAU-8; gravity and drag lower the gear without hydraulics; The Aviationist, 2020-04-08, "Photos of an A-10C after a belly landing ... its main landing gear" (wheels remain partly exposed, cushion a belly landing, brakes still work); avgeekery.com, "20 fascinating Warthog facts" (nose gear offset to starboard); FineScale Modeler forum, "colors for A-10 wheel well" (wheel wells, gun bay, gear-door interiors FS 16473; struts, rims, actuators gloss white FS 17875 in the Ghost scheme); Published A-10C cockpit photography (layout only, approximated).
Lightweight fighter (F-16 class): USAF fact sheet "F-16 Fighting Falcon" (length 49 ft 5 in, height 16 ft, wingspan 32 ft 8 in with tip missiles, F110-GE-129 or F100-PW-229, speed Mach 2, internal fuel 7,000 lb); Jane's All the World's Aircraft, Lockheed Martin F-16C (wing area 300 sq ft, aspect ratio 3.0, NACA 64A204, LE sweep 40 deg, wheel track 7 ft 9 in, wheelbase 13 ft 1.5 in, tailplane span 18 ft 3.75 in); NASA TP-1538 (Nguyen et al., 1979), F-16 simulator aerodynamic data: reference geometry (S 300 ft^2, b 30 ft, MAC 11.32 ft), horizontal-tail and fin geometry; GE Aviation F110-GE-129 public data (17,155 lbf military, 29,588 lbf maximum afterburner); Tyre sizes 27.75x8.75-14.5 main, 18x5.7-8 nose (public).
Stores: AGM-65 Maverick public data: length 2.49 m, diameter 0.30 m, wingspan 0.72 m, long-chord delta wings, 4 tail control fins, ~220 kg; AIM-9 Sidewinder public data: length 2.85 m, diameter 127 mm, wingspan 0.63 m, 4 nose canards, 4 tail wings with rollerons, ~85 kg; Paveway II GBU-12 public data: length 3.27 m, Mk 82 warhead, nose computer-control group with seeker and 4 canards, MXU-650-type tail with 4 wings (~1.49 m span deployed), ~230 kg; 2.75 in (70 mm) folding-fin aircraft rocket public data: ~1.4 m with warhead, 4 folding fins, ~13.6 kg; LAU-105 / dual-rail adapter public descriptions: two AIM-9 rails on an adapter under one wing pylon, ~75 kg; LAU-117 public data: single-rail launcher for the AGM-65, ~2.4 m long, ~60 kg; LAU-131 public data: 7 tubes for 2.75 in (70 mm) rockets, length ~1.7 m, diameter ~0.40 m, ~31 kg empty, 14 in lugs; Mk 82 public data: length 2.21 m, body diameter 273 mm (10.75 in), 241 kg, 14 in lug spacing, conical fin assembly; Mk 82 public data (body as mk82); Mk 15 "Snakeye"-type 4-blade retarding fin, public descriptions: blades hinged at the aft end, open for high-drag release; 254 kg; Public data for current targeting pods (Sniper / LITENING class): length ~2.39 m, diameter ~0.30 m, ~200 kg, rotating sensor head at the nose.
Lunar Module: NASA, Apollo Operations Handbook: Lunar Module LM 5 and subsequent (public domain); NASA, Apollo 11 Press Kit, Lunar Module section (public domain); NASA SP-350, Apollo Expeditions to the Moon (public domain); NASA SP-4205, Chariots for Apollo (public domain). All public domain.
Range targets: Generic designs, original to this page: public encyclopaedic class figures for the vehicle type (overall proportions, wheel counts, gun overhang); broken-panel fragment shapes: seeded jagged outlines (star-shaped polygons), not a model of any specific breakup; made-up proportions for a small subsonic reusable target drone; aero from textbook flat-plate / lifting-line formulas; made-up proportions for a mid-size box-bus communications satellite.
Saturn V: Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506 Apollo 11 Mission (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 1969), MPR-SAT-FE-69-9; Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission Press Kit (NASA Headquarters, 1969), NASA News Release 69-83K; Saturn V Flight Manual SA-503 (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 1968), MSFC-MAN-503 (NASA TM X-72151); Technical Information Summary, Apollo-11 (AS-506) Apollo Saturn V Space Vehicle (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 1969), S&E-ASTR-S-101-69 (NASA TM X-62812); Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzles (Space Vehicle Design Criteria) (NASA, 1976), NASA SP-8120; CSM/LM Spacecraft Operational Data Book, Volume 3: Mass Properties (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1969), SNA-8-D-027(III) Rev 2 (NASA TM X-68968); Remembering the Giants: Apollo Rocket Propulsion Development, ch. 1 "Rocketdyne - F-1 Saturn V First Stage Engine" (Biggs) (NASA, 2009), NASA SP-2009-4545, ch. 1; NASA SP-4206, Stages to Saturn (S-IC fins, engine fairings and retrorockets). All public domain.
Command and service module, launch escape system and adapter: Apollo 11 Mission Report (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1969, MSC-00171 (NASA TM X-62633)); Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission Press Kit (NASA Headquarters, 1969, NASA News Release 69-83K); CSM/LM Spacecraft Operational Data Book, Volume 3: Mass Properties (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1969, SNA-8-D-027(III) Rev 2 (NASA TM X-68968)); Aerodynamic Stability Characteristics of the Apollo Command Module (Moseley, Graham, Hughes) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1968, NASA TN D-4688); Apollo Experience Report: Mission Planning for Apollo Entry (Graves, Harpold) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1972, NASA TN D-6725); Apollo Experience Report: Earth Landing System (West) (NASA Johnson Space Center, 1973, NASA TN D-7437); Apollo Experience Report: Command and Service Module Reaction Control Systems (Taeuber, Weary) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1973, NASA TN D-7151); Apollo Experience Report: The Docking System (Langley) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1972, NASA TN D-6854); Apollo Command and Service Module Propulsion Systems Overview (Interbartolo) (NASA Johnson Space Center, 2009, JSC-17237-6); Saturn V Launch Vehicle Flight Evaluation Report - AS-506 Apollo 11 Mission (NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 1969, MPR-SAT-FE-69-9); Apollo Experience Report: Launch Escape Propulsion Subsystem (Townsend) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1973, NASA TN D-7083); SLA Panel Jettison Separation and Recontact Analysis (Williamson, Fraley) (NASA Manned Spacecraft Center, 1968, MSC Internal Note 68-FM-160 (NASA TM X-65092)); Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzles (Space Vehicle Design Criteria) (NASA, 1976, NASA SP-8120); Apollo Experience Report: Service Propulsion Subsystem (Gibson, Wood) (NASA Johnson Space Center, 1973, NASA TN D-7375); Apollo Experience Report: Guidance and Control Systems: CSM Service Propulsion System Gimbal Actuators (McMahon) (NASA Johnson Space Center, 1975, NASA TN D-7969); NASA SP-2000-4029, Apollo by the Numbers (burns and events). All public domain.
Launch pad: An original design sized to the vehicle; no real pad is reproduced.
Catch tower: An original design sized to the vehicles it serves; no real tower is reproduced.
Naval harbours: Original designs (piers, cranes, breakwaters, buoys and lights) sized to the ships they berth; no real base is reproduced.
Guided-missile submarine (SSGN, Ohio class, generic): Principal particulars (length, beam, draft, surfaced and submerged displacement, shaft power, speeds, the 24 tubes, 22 x 7 Tomahawks, two lock-out chambers) from the Ohio-class submarine article and the U.S. Navy's Guided Missile Submarines - SSGN fact file; the hull lines, sail, planes, screw and ballast figures are estimated from imagery (data/space_program/ssgn/spec.json tags each). No hull number or boat name.
Operation Flight School Midnight Hammer (the mission): a set piece in the spirit of the third act of Top Gun: Maverick (2022), from its published plot summaries (Wikipedia, IMDb): the Tomahawk strike that opens the way, the low-level run up a canyon under SAM cover against the clock, two laser-guided bombs on a buried facility's vent (the first opens it, the second goes in), the steep pull-up over the mountain and the egress under SAMs and fighters. No names, characters, call signs, aircraft markings or designs from the film are used; the valley, the airbase and every name are fictional. The salvo: the U.S. Navy's SSGN fact file and the Ohio-class submarine article (22 tubes x 7 Tomahawks, the lock-out chambers), Operation Odyssey Dawn (2011: USS Florida's 93 Tomahawks on Libya's air defences in the opening strike) and NAVAIR's Tomahawk test-launch releases (vertical submerged launches from USS Florida and USS Tucson); the 30 m keel depth and 3 kt launch box is this game's reading of "periscope depth or shallow, at low speed". The penetrator: public GBU-24 Paveway III / BLU-109 class figures (about 1,050 kg, 0.37 m, about 4.4 m, laser-guided). The sea fight: public Mk 48-class torpedo figures (533 mm, 5.8 m, about 1,660 kg, a pump-jet propulsor, wire-guided with an active / passive sonar seeker). The opposing force is the Iranian navy, three real classes as generic ships (no pennant numbers, no names) built in the kernel from public figures and photographs: the Moudge-class frigate (about 95 m, 1,500 t, 30 kt; Wikipedia, Naval Technology), the Sina-class fast attack craft (about 47 m, 275 t, 36 kt; Wikipedia, after the La Combattante II type) and the IRGC Navy's Zolfaghar-class fast attack craft (about 17 m, 52 kt; Wikipedia, Navypedia). What a warhead does to them (an underwater burst's column, fires and pieces torn away by chance, a broken back) is cube-root scaling of the charge, estimated. The SAM, radar, shelter and fuel-tank figures are generic class values (VERIFY in the code).
SSGN control room (stations, scopes, consoles; Tomahawk and merchant props): a game reading of public U.S. submarine control-room descriptions and released photographs: PBS NOVA's control-room and ship-control pages (helmsman and planesman side by side, the diving officer behind, the chief of the watch outboard at the ballast panel), a U.S. Navy photo of USS Florida's control party at battle stations (DVIDS, 2010), and the USS Cod and USS Albacore museum control rooms (control columns, the curved hull with its frames, overhead piping, the ballast panel's indicator board). The light enamel, tiled deck, blue-grey consoles and rig-for-red lighting follow that imagery. No reliable Ohio-specific layout was found, so the arrangement and every dimension are estimated. The Tomahawk is a generic cruise-missile shape.
Guided-missile destroyer (DDG, Arleigh Burke class, Flight IIA, generic): Principal particulars (length, beam, navigational draft, full-load displacement, shaft power, shafts, five-bladed screws, speed, the 32 + 64 launcher cells, two hangars) from the U.S. Navy's Destroyers (DDG 51) fact file and the Arleigh Burke-class destroyer article; the hull lines, sonar dome, superstructure, running gear and weights are estimated from imagery (data/space_program/ddg/spec.json tags each). No hull number or ship's name.
Fast combat support ship (T-AOE, Supply class, generic): Principal particulars (length, extreme beam, draft, full-load displacement, power, shafts, 23 ft screws, speed, replenishment stations) from the Supply-class fast combat support ship article and Naval Technology's AOE 6 Supply Class Fast Combat Support Ship; the hull lines, bulb, superstructure, kingposts, running gear and weights are estimated from imagery (data/space_program/aoe/spec.json tags each). No hull number or ship's name.
Thruster hypercar (Ventrix HX): An original design and name; no real car's name, badge, wordmark, plate or body is reproduced. Its physics follows published figures for a fan-suction, cold-gas-thruster EV hypercar (tri-motor AWD, ~200 kWh, 2 x 300 L air tanks holding ~250 kg of air, ten thrusters); every other value is the model's own. The proving ground (the curved ramp, the drag strip and circuit) is an original layout.
Heavy-lift booster and ship (V3 class): Original reconstructions from public figures and imagery; no logos, wordmarks or livery. SpaceX Super Heavy (Wikipedia, 2026); SpaceX Starship (spacecraft) (Wikipedia, 2026); Detailed review of Starship V3 (newspaceeconomy.ca, 2026); SpaceX reveals Raptor 3 engine and specifications (NextBigFuture, 2024); Starship Flight 14 reaches orbit (NASASpaceflight, 2026); SpaceX Starship Flight 14 live updates (space.com, 2026); SpaceX deployed 26 terabits per second of Starlink V3 bandwidth in a single Starship launch (Flight 14) (teslaoracle.com, 2026); SpaceX shows off massive new V3 Starlink satellites (3dtested.com, 2026); NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69: thermophysical properties of fluid systems (NIST, 2023); Stainless steel 304/304L: physical properties (Outokumpu data sheet / ASM Handbook Vol. 1) (Outokumpu; ASM International, 2019); The world's biggest rocket: how SpaceX's new Starship V3 differs from its predecessors (space.com, 2026); Starbase Pad 2 advancements (NASASpaceflight, 2025). Dimensions that are not published are estimated from imagery. The payload bay as built holds 32 satellites; the published figure is up to 60.
Broadband satellite (V3 class): SpaceX deployed 26 terabits per second of Starlink V3 bandwidth in a single Starship launch (Flight 14) (Tesla Oracle, 2026); SpaceX shows off massive new V3 Starlink satellites ... 60 terabits per second downlink capacity (3DTested, 2025); Starship Flight 14 reaches orbit (NASASpaceflight, 2026); SpaceX Starship Flight 14 live updates (28 Sept 2026) (Space.com, 2026); Starlink technology (SpaceX (Starlink), 2025); Starship Flight 12 (first V3, first Pad 2 flight) (Wikipedia, 2026). Every dimension is estimated.
Triple-core heavy launcher: An original reconstruction from public figures and imagery; no logos, wordmarks, flags or livery. Falcon Heavy (vehicle page) (SpaceX, 2026); Falcon User's Guide (SpaceX, 2025); Falcon Heavy (Wikipedia, 2026); Falcon Heavy (STP-2) on Launch Complex 39A, KSC-20190624-PH_KLS01_0056 (NASA, 2019); Falcon 9 Block 5 side view, KSC-20200429-PH-SPX01_0002 (NASA / SpaceX, 2020); Falcon 9 (vehicle page) (SpaceX, 2026); SpaceX Merlin (Wikipedia, 2026); Falcon Heavy landing legs (2013) and the 2014 leg span (Elon Musk via Universe Today) (SpaceX / Universe Today, 2014); Falcon Heavy (vehicle overview) (Spaceflight101, 2018); Falcon 9 Block 5 / Falcon 9 Full Thrust (Wikipedia, 2026); Falcon Heavy launches USSF-44 (the grey paint on the second stage's RP-1 tank) (NASASpaceflight.com, 2022). Dimensions that are not published are estimated from imagery.
Sky, Sun and Moon: Milky Way, Sun and Moon maps: Solar System Scope (solarsystemscope.com/textures), based on NASA imagery and elevation data, CC BY 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); resized and re-compressed for the page. The lens flare is our own.
Showcase models: Our own NativeCAD models, re-used by reference; no logos, wordmarks or markings: C-segment hatchback (SceneReady parking structure); Middleweight motorcycle (SceneReady showcase).
Sites: Original layouts written for this page; the airport and the spaceport are inspired in kind by real sites, with no real names, artworks or logos: High Plains International; Aircraft carrier; Land Range Tango; LS-1 Tranquility; Deepwater Naval Base; Seabreak Spaceport.
Real Earth (the Gulf): terrain and sea depth from the AWS Terrain Tiles open dataset (the AWS Open Data registry), compiled by Mapzen / Tilezen from SRTM (NASA, public domain), ASTER GDEM (METI / NASA), GMTED2010 (USGS, public domain) and ETOPO1 (NOAA, public domain); attributed as the Tilezen (joerd) project asks, on the registry page above. Re-gridded into the page's own tiles; terrain only, no imagery.
Sound: engines, wind, tones and the RWR are synthesized in the page. Recorded gunfire, jet, cabin, flyby, explosion and crash sounds are Freesound recordings released under CC0 1.0 (creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0) by michorvath, ShawnyBoy, tommccann, rhapsodize, craigsmith, elliottmusic7, qubodup, klangfabrik, squareal and Osvoldon; re-timed, filtered and pitched live by the page (space-program/content/sfx/LICENSES.md lists each file).
Code: three.js (renderer), MIT licence; mesh payload decoder, our own work.
Physics: U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976; G. F. Kinney and K. J. Graham, Explosive Shocks in Air (blast); D. P. Raymer, Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach (drag build-up); Schlichting's turbulent skin friction; thin-airfoil theory (control effectiveness); G. W. Cherry, "A General, Explicit, Optimizing Guidance Law for Rocket-Propelled Spaceflight" (descent guidance), flown through the phases of the Apollo landing programs P63, P64 and P66; C. E. Walker, NASA TM X-53770, and Boeing D5-15796-1 (Saturn V aerodynamics); K. Sutton and R. A. Graves, NASA TR R-376, and M. E. Tauber and K. Sutton (entry heating).