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Showcase · Education

A V12 engine you can run, slice and take apart

Every part of this 6.0-litre 60° V12 — the crankshaft with its six throws, twelve pistons and rods, four camshafts, 48 valves with their springs and buckets, two timing chains, the flywheel and clutch — was modeled as an exact solid in the NativeCAD kernel and is running here from one number: the crank angle. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom. Slow it down, slice the block open, colour the four strokes, pull it apart, then bolt a gearbox on.

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Firing order 1-7-5-11-3-9-6-12-2-8-4-10 — one cylinder fires every 60° of crank rotation, twelve per two turns. intake compression power exhaust

How a four-stroke engine works

1 · Intake

The piston slides down the cylinder while the two intake valves are open, so the air–fuel mix is drawn in from the plenum through the port. In the viewer the gas column turns blue and you can watch the intake cam lobe pressing its bucket down.

2 · Compression

All four valves close and the piston comes back up, squeezing the mix into the small pent-roof chamber under the spark plug — yellow. The tighter the squeeze, the more push you get from the burn.

3 · Power

Just before the top, the spark plug fires. The burning gas expands and drives the piston down — orange. The connecting rod turns that straight push into the crankshaft's spin. Only this stroke makes power; the other three are paid for by the flywheel and the other eleven cylinders.

4 · Exhaust

The exhaust valves open and the rising piston pushes the burnt gas out into the header — grey. Then the cycle starts again. The camshafts turn at half crank speed, which is why the cam sprockets have twice the teeth of the crank sprocket.

Why twelve? With cylinders firing every 60°, there is always a power stroke going on somewhere — in fact three overlap at any moment — so the crank is pushed almost continuously and the engine runs turbine-smooth. The 60° V is what makes the even firing work: each crank throw carries two rods, one from each bank, and the throws are set 120° apart like a straight-six.

The engine on this page

Layout60° V12, dual overhead camshafts per bank, four valves per cylinder
Bore × stroke89 × 80.4 mm — 6.00 litres (6002 cc)
Connecting rod150 mm centre to centre; rod ratio 1.87 (rod ÷ stroke; crank throw 40.2 mm)
Crankshaftseven main journals Ø65, six crankpins Ø55 shared by a pair of rods, throws at 0-120-240-240-120-0°, eight-bolt rear flange
Valvesintake Ø29 / exhaust Ø26, 12° included angle each side, 8.5 mm lift, 248° duration, bucket tappets Ø30.4
Timing8 mm pitch roller chain, one per bank: 16-tooth crank sprocket to 32-tooth cam sprockets (2:1)
Firing order1-7-5-11-3-9-6-12-2-8-4-10, 60° intervals (cylinders 1–6 on bank A, 7–12 on bank B)
DrivelineØ280 flywheel, single-plate clutch, bellhousing flange and input shaft ready for the gearbox page

Parts list

361 unique parts, 2,898 instances on screen. Every solid below was built once in the kernel (faces = B-rep faces of the exact body) and placed by the viewer; the valve spring is the one procedural part, because it has to compress. Parts modeled: 286 of 424. Harness: 35 routed leads carrying 95 conductors, 3.11 m of wire over 4.28 m of loom trunk.

Show the bill of materials
PartSystemQtyFacesFinish
Big-end bearing shell, cap halfbearings128steel dark
Big-end bearing shell, rod halfbearings128steel dark
Crankshaft thrust washerbearings46steel dark
Main bearing shell, lowerbearings76steel dark
Main bearing shell, upper (grooved, fed)bearings713steel dark
Cylinder blockblock1347alu cast
Dipstick guide tubeblock114steel zinc
Dipstick tube bracketblock18steel zinc
Knock-sensor padblock49alu cast
Main bearing capblock719alu cast
Main bearing webblock723alu cast
Oil dipstickblock16steel polished
Oil filler capblock18plastic black
Oil filler tubeblock110alu cast
Oil sumpblock157alu cast
Rear main seal carrierblock136alu cast
Screw plug, block passage (small)block29steel dark
Screw plug, main gallery (large)block29steel dark
Sump baffleblock26steel zinc
Sump drain plugblock19steel dark
Sump rail plateblock172alu cast
Windage trayblock180steel zinc
Coolant hose (radiator)cooling26plastic black
Coolant temperature sender (gauge)cooling113plastic black
Coolant temperature sensorcooling213plastic black
Hose clamp bandcooling46steel bright
Hose clamp screwcooling44steel dark
Hose clamp screw housingcooling46steel bright
Thermostat (element frame)cooling16steel dark
Thermostat covercooling18alu cast
Thermostat housingcooling18alu cast
Thermostat valve platecooling14steel bright
Thermostat wax cartridgecooling14brass
Water pump back covercooling127alu plate
Water pump housingcooling140alu cast
Water pump impellercooling136steel dark
Water pump pulleycooling124steel dark
Water pump shaftcooling14steel bright
Crank pulley / dampercrank113steel dark
Crank trigger ring (60−2)crank1240steel dark
Crankshaftcrank1139steel polished
Bellhousing belldriveline110alu cast
Bellhousing flangedriveline143alu cast
Bellhousing gearbox collardriveline14alu cast
Clutch coverdriveline122steel zinc
Clutch discdriveline14friction
Flywheeldriveline169steel dark
Gearbox input shaftdriveline14steel polished
Pressure platedriveline14steel dark
2-into-1 mergeexhaust24steel heat
2-into-1 mouth plateexhaust28steel heat
3-into-1 merge collectorexhaust44steel heat
Catalyst substrate (monolith)exhaust24ceramic
Catalytic converter canexhaust212steel polished
Collector 0 downpipeexhaust238steel heat
Collector 0 mouth plateexhaust210steel heat
Collector 1 downpipeexhaust210steel heat
Collector 1 mouth plateexhaust210steel heat
Exhaust flangeexhaust1212steel dark
Exhaust flange gasket (pipe joint)exhaust24steel dark
Exhaust hanger bracketexhaust48steel dark
Exhaust hanger isolator (rubber)exhaust48plastic black
Exhaust hanger rodexhaust44steel zinc
Exhaust pipe flangeexhaust410steel dark
Flex joint bellowsexhaust220steel polished
Flex joint braid sleeveexhaust24steel polished
Merge outlet spoolexhaust24steel heat
Mid-pipeexhaust24steel heat
Muffler baffleexhaust24steel dark
Muffler end capexhaust44steel polished
Muffler inlet stubexhaust24steel heat
Muffler shellexhaust24steel polished
Oxygen sensor (downstream)exhaust213plastic black
Oxygen sensor (upstream)exhaust413plastic black
Oxygen sensor bossexhaust66steel heat
Primary 1 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 1 (flange leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 2 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 2 (flange leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 3 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 3 (flange leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 4 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 4 (flange leg)exhaust414steel heat
Primary 5 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 5 (flange leg)exhaust214steel heat
Primary 6 (collector leg)exhaust214steel heat
Tailpipeexhaust24steel heat
Tailpipe tipexhaust24steel polished
V-band clampexhaust24steel polished
V-band sealing ringexhaust24steel dark
Weld bead (Ø38)exhaust362steel weld
Weld bead (Ø52)exhaust82steel weld
Weld bead (Ø68)exhaust82steel weld
Weld bead (sensor boss)exhaust62steel weld
Air filter elementfuel-air176friction
Air filter frame (urethane)fuel-air110plastic black
Airbox lidfuel-air144alu cast
Airbox lid retaining clipfuel-air610steel zinc
Airbox ribfuel-air56alu cast
Banjo union / hose end fittingfuel-air44steel polished
Brake servo vacuum take-offfuel-air113alu cast
Fuel crossover linefuel-air1266steel polished
Fuel feed linefuel-air1200steel polished
Fuel injectorfuel-air1227plastic black
Fuel injector connector shellfuel-air126plastic black
Fuel line clipfuel-air614steel zinc
Fuel pressure regulatorfuel-air110alu cast
Fuel pressure regulator bracketfuel-air16steel dark
Fuel pulsation damperfuel-air28alu cast
Fuel railfuel-air274alu forged
Fuel return linefuel-air1200steel polished
Fuel tank breather (purge) valvefuel-air19plastic black
Hot-film air mass meterfuel-air110plastic black
Idle air control valvefuel-air115plastic black
Injector lower insulator / cupfuel-air126steel zinc
Injector retaining clipfuel-air1210steel zinc
Intake air temperature sensorfuel-air114plastic black
Intake airboxfuel-air1179alu cast
Intake flangefuel-air1215alu cast
Intake runner - elbow (bank A)fuel-air642alu cast
Intake runner - elbow (bank B)fuel-air642alu cast
Intake runner - flange leg (bank A)fuel-air616alu cast
Intake runner - flange leg (bank B)fuel-air616alu cast
Intake trumpetfuel-air126alu cast
M10 banjo boltfuel-air411steel dark
M3 × 10 butterfly screwfuel-air24steel dark
Manifold absolute pressure sensorfuel-air114plastic black
Purge line (to the canister, vehicle side)fuel-air1236plastic black
Throttle actuatorfuel-air112plastic black
Throttle body elbowfuel-air118alu cast
Throttle butterfly platefuel-air18steel polished
Throttle flangefuel-air212alu cast
Throttle leverfuel-air110steel dark
Throttle position sensorfuel-air111plastic black
Throttle return springfuel-air1164steel polished
Throttle shaftfuel-air116steel polished
Throttle shaft bearingfuel-air24steel dark
Banjo sealing washergaskets-seals44steel zinc
Dipstick tube grommetgaskets-seals15plastic black
Drain plug sealing washergaskets-seals14steel zinc
Exhaust flange gasket (head)gaskets-seals1212steel zinc
Exhaust valve stem sealgaskets-seals247viton
Front crankshaft sealgaskets-seals16plastic black
Injector lower O-ringgaskets-seals122plastic black
Injector upper O-ringgaskets-seals122plastic black
Intake valve stem sealgaskets-seals247rubber
Rear crankshaft sealgaskets-seals16plastic black
M10 × 30 hex bolthardware2611steel dark
M10 × 30 starter bolthardware311steel dark
M10 × 40 flywheel bolthardware811steel dark
M10 hex nuthardware410steel dark
M12 × 110 head bolthardware4811steel dark
M12 x 40 engine mount bolthardware811steel dark
M16 × 40 damper bolthardware111steel dark
M16 isolator nuthardware310steel dark
M16 washerhardware14steel polished
M6 × 12 hex bolthardware1611steel dark
M6 × 16 hex bolthardware6711steel dark
M6 × 20 cam-cover bolthardware5111steel dark
M6 × 22 hex bolthardware811steel dark
M6 × 30 fuel-rail bolthardware611steel dark
M8 × 20 clutch-cover bolthardware611steel dark
M8 × 20 ground-strap bolthardware611steel dark
M8 × 30 hex bolthardware3811steel dark
M8 × 60 hex bolthardware4811steel dark
M8 × 80 windage tray studhardware104steel dark
M8 hex nuthardware4410steel dark
M8 studhardware244steel dark
M8 washerhardware604steel polished
Main cap bolthardware147steel dark
Sensor mounting bolt (M6)hardware1011steel dark
2-way sealed connector (plug half)harness115plastic black
3-way sealed connector (plug half)harness115plastic black
4-way sealed connector (plug half)harness115plastic black
alternator b plus lead insulationharness110plastic black
Cable tieharness116plastic black
Cable tieharness116plastic black
Cable tieharness116plastic black
Cable tieharness116plastic black
cam sensor lead insulationharness114plastic black
cam sensor lead insulationharness114plastic black
Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (alternator_b_plus)harness18copper
Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (ground)harness28copper
Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (ground)harness28copper
Conductor, 2 x 0.5 mm2 (iat)harness110copper
Conductor, 2 x 1 mm2 (injector)harness610copper
Conductor, 2 x 1 mm2 (injector)harness610copper
Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (cam_sensor)harness110copper
Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (cam_sensor)harness110copper
Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (crank_sensor)harness110copper
Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (map)harness110copper
Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (tps)harness110copper
Conductor, 4 x 1.5 mm2 (ignition_coil)harness68copper
Conductor, 4 x 1.5 mm2 (ignition_coil)harness54copper
Conductor, 5 x 0.5 mm2 (maf)harness114copper
crank sensor lead insulationharness114plastic black
Engine harness bank branch, bank Aharness14plastic black
Engine harness bank branch, bank Bharness14plastic black
Engine harness main trunkharness148plastic black
Front harness branch, bank Aharness140plastic black
Front harness branch, bank Bharness140plastic black
ground lead insulationharness210plastic black
ground lead insulationharness210plastic black
Harness bracket (M6)harness120steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness120steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness120steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness120steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness bracket (M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness clip (P-clip, M6)harness121steel zinc
Harness grommetharness112rubber
Harness grommet (stepped junction boot)harness115rubber
Harness grommet (stepped junction boot)harness115rubber
iat lead insulationharness114plastic black
ignition coil lead insulationharness612plastic black
ignition coil lead insulationharness56plastic black
injector lead insulationharness214plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
injector lead insulationharness214plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
injector lead insulationharness214plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
injector lead insulationharness114plastic black
Injector sub-loom, bank Aharness116plastic black
Injector sub-loom, bank Bharness116plastic black
Loom conduit sleeveharness16plastic black
Loom conduit sleeveharness16plastic black
Loom conduit sleeveharness180plastic black
Loom conduit sleeveharness186plastic black
M6 × 10 hex boltharness2511steel dark
maf lead insulationharness126plastic black
map lead insulationharness114plastic black
Ring terminal (crimped)harness120steel zinc
tps lead insulationharness114plastic black
Bucket tappethead489steel polished
Cam bearing tower + caphead1417alu cast
Cam bearing tower + cap (mirrored)head1417alu cast
Cam cover (left)head1679red crackle
Cam cover (right)head1679red crackle
Cam cover breather bafflehead28steel zinc
Camshaft (bank A, one forging: shaft, journals, thrust groove, 12 lobes)head294steel polished
Camshaft (bank B, one forging: shaft, journals, thrust groove, 12 lobes)head298steel polished
Camshaft oil gallery plughead49steel dark
Camshaft oil spray barhead418steel zinc
Camshaft thrust platehead414steel zinc
Cylinder head casting (left bank)head1685alu cast
Cylinder head casting (right bank)head1685alu cast
Exhaust valvehead2414steel dark
Head oil feed restrictorhead211steel dark
Intake valvehead2414steel polished
Screw plug in the headhead129steel dark
Spring retainerhead485steel polished
Valve collet (keeper), halfhead9610steel dark
Valve spring lower seathead484steel dark
Alternatorignition-electrical1284alu cast
Alternator B+ terminal studignition-electrical19steel polished
Alternator cooling ductignition-electrical16steel zinc
Alternator pulleyignition-electrical17steel dark
Alternator terminal coverignition-electrical19plastic black
Battery positive cableignition-electrical112plastic black
Cam sensor bracketignition-electrical210steel zinc
Camshaft position sensorignition-electrical220plastic black
Camshaft trigger wheelignition-electrical224steel dark
Coil-on-plugignition-electrical1220plastic black
Crank sensor bracketignition-electrical136steel zinc
Crankshaft position sensorignition-electrical122plastic black
Engine ground strapignition-electrical318steel zinc
Engine relay / E-box carrierignition-electrical119plastic black
Flywheel starter ring gearignition-electrical1404steel forged
Knock sensorignition-electrical49plastic black
M6 × 20 coil hold-down boltignition-electrical1211steel dark
Spark plugignition-electrical1215ceramic
Starter engagement leverignition-electrical16steel dark
Starter heat shieldignition-electrical16steel zinc
Starter motorignition-electrical186alu cast
Starter pinionignition-electrical148steel forged
Starter solenoidignition-electrical18steel zinc
Airbox breather spigotlubrication18alu cast
Breather hose clamplubrication44steel zinc
Cam cover breather hose (bank A, to the airbox)lubrication122plastic black
Cam cover breather hose (bank B, to the separator)lubrication122plastic black
Cam cover breather spigotlubrication26alu cast
Crankcase oil separatorlubrication119plastic black
Crankcase ventilation (PCV) valvelubrication19plastic black
Crankcase ventilation hoselubrication122plastic black
Cross-drilling pluglubrication129steel dark
External oil feed pipe to the headlubrication238steel zinc
Gerotor inner rotorlubrication1338steel polished
Gerotor outer rotorlubrication1244steel polished
Main gallery end pluglubrication49steel dark
Oil cooler take-off blanking pluglubrication19steel dark
Oil cooler take-off bosslubrication16alu cast
Oil drain-back boss (block flank)lubrication26alu cast
Oil drain-back tube, head to crankcaselubrication222steel zinc
Oil feed banjo fittinglubrication48steel dark
Oil feed boss (block flank)lubrication26alu cast
Oil filterlubrication110plastic black
Oil filter adapterlubrication127alu cast
Oil filter anti-drain valvelubrication14plastic black
Oil filter bypass valvelubrication19steel dark
Oil filter caplubrication18steel zinc
Oil filter elementlubrication14friction
Oil level sensorlubrication113plastic black
Oil pickup bracketlubrication116steel zinc
Oil pickup strainerlubrication142steel zinc
Oil pickup tubelubrication122steel zinc
Oil pipe, filter to gallerylubrication114steel zinc
Oil pipe, pump to filterlubrication114steel zinc
Oil pressure senderlubrication113plastic black
Oil pressure switchlubrication113plastic black
Oil pump coverlubrication115alu cast
Oil pump drive collar (crank nose)lubrication1100steel dark
Oil pump housinglubrication168alu cast
Oil temperature sensorlubrication113plastic black
Piston cooling oil squirterlubrication129steel dark
Pressure relief guide supportlubrication15steel dark
Pressure relief lock ringlubrication12steel dark
Pressure relief plungerlubrication15steel polished
Pressure relief sleevelubrication14steel dark
Pressure relief springlubrication14steel polished
Engine mount bracketmounts237steel dark
Engine mount pad (cast)mounts218alu cast
Firewall panelmounts116steel paint
Gearbox mount bracketmounts127steel dark
Gearbox mount crossmembermounts110steel paint
M16 isolator studmounts34steel dark
Mount isolator cupmounts321steel zinc
Mount isolator elastomermounts39rubber
Mount isolator top capmounts37steel zinc
Steering rack stubmounts1484steel paint
Subframe crossmembermounts110steel paint
Subframe mount towermounts323steel paint
Subframe railmounts210steel paint
Connecting rodpiston-rod1230steel forged
Gudgeon pin circlippiston-rod246steel dark
Pistonpiston-rod1243alu forged
Piston ringpiston-rod364steel dark
Piston skirtpiston-rod246alu forged
Rod boltpiston-rod247steel dark
Rod cappiston-rod1214steel forged
Rod nutpiston-rod244steel dark
Wrist pinpiston-rod126steel polished
Cam sprockettiming4489steel dark
Chain guide railtiming46plastic black
Chain link platetiming48010steel dark
Chain pintiming2404steel dark
Chain rollertiming2404steel dark
Chain tensionertiming27alu cast
Crank sprockettiming2250steel dark
Tensioner mounting bosstiming210alu cast
Tensioner shoetiming26plastic black
Timing casetiming1217alu cast
Timing case rim (bank B step)timing158alu cast
Valve springvalvetrain48—procedural

What bolts on next

The rear of the engine ends in a standard interface: a flywheel on the crank flange, a clutch, a bellhousing flange and a splined input shaft. That is exactly where a gearbox page will pick up — then a driveshaft, a differential, wheels, a car. Each will be its own set of exact kernel parts driven by the same crank angle, so the whole driveline can run from one dial.

Build notes

Built from a kernel command document — the same ops the NativeCAD MCP exposes. Every boolean was kept on the exact fast path (cylinders piercing planar faces), which is why the crank is seven journals joined through its webs, the block's crankcase roof sits perpendicular to each bank, and the head is one per-cylinder section instanced six times. The few cases the kernel could not keep exact were logged as kernel bugs.

No screws to nowhere: every bolt and stud on the page lands in a hole that is actually cut. One joint table places the fastener AND drills what it passes through and threads into — tapped holes at the thread's nominal radius, clearance holes 0.5 mm over, which is also how the viewer decides where to draw a thread — so a station cannot be moved without the hole moving with it. A fastener audit re-measures that claim against the page's own meshes and instance matrices: all 400 fasteners seated, none floating, buried or standing off.

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