A V12 engine you can run, slice and take apart
Every part of this 6.0-litre 60° V12 — the crankshaft with its six throws, twelve pistons and rods, four camshafts, 48 valves with their springs and buckets, two timing chains, the flywheel and clutch — was modeled as an exact solid in the NativeCAD kernel and is running here from one number: the crank angle. Drag to orbit, scroll to zoom. Slow it down, slice the block open, colour the four strokes, pull it apart, then bolt a gearbox on.
Firing order 1-7-5-11-3-9-6-12-2-8-4-10 — one cylinder fires every 60° of crank rotation, twelve per two turns. intake compression power exhaust
How a four-stroke engine works
1 · Intake
The piston slides down the cylinder while the two intake valves are open, so the air–fuel mix is drawn in from the plenum through the port. In the viewer the gas column turns blue and you can watch the intake cam lobe pressing its bucket down.
2 · Compression
All four valves close and the piston comes back up, squeezing the mix into the small pent-roof chamber under the spark plug — yellow. The tighter the squeeze, the more push you get from the burn.
3 · Power
Just before the top, the spark plug fires. The burning gas expands and drives the piston down — orange. The connecting rod turns that straight push into the crankshaft's spin. Only this stroke makes power; the other three are paid for by the flywheel and the other eleven cylinders.
4 · Exhaust
The exhaust valves open and the rising piston pushes the burnt gas out into the header — grey. Then the cycle starts again. The camshafts turn at half crank speed, which is why the cam sprockets have twice the teeth of the crank sprocket.
Why twelve? With cylinders firing every 60°, there is always a power stroke going on somewhere — in fact three overlap at any moment — so the crank is pushed almost continuously and the engine runs turbine-smooth. The 60° V is what makes the even firing work: each crank throw carries two rods, one from each bank, and the throws are set 120° apart like a straight-six.
The engine on this page
| Layout | 60° V12, dual overhead camshafts per bank, four valves per cylinder |
| Bore × stroke | 89 × 80.4 mm — 6.00 litres (6002 cc) |
| Connecting rod | 150 mm centre to centre; rod ratio 1.87 (rod ÷ stroke; crank throw 40.2 mm) |
| Crankshaft | seven main journals Ø65, six crankpins Ø55 shared by a pair of rods, throws at 0-120-240-240-120-0°, eight-bolt rear flange |
| Valves | intake Ø29 / exhaust Ø26, 12° included angle each side, 8.5 mm lift, 248° duration, bucket tappets Ø30.4 |
| Timing | 8 mm pitch roller chain, one per bank: 16-tooth crank sprocket to 32-tooth cam sprockets (2:1) |
| Firing order | 1-7-5-11-3-9-6-12-2-8-4-10, 60° intervals (cylinders 1–6 on bank A, 7–12 on bank B) |
| Driveline | Ø280 flywheel, single-plate clutch, bellhousing flange and input shaft ready for the gearbox page |
Parts list
361 unique parts, 2,898 instances on screen. Every solid below was built once in the kernel (faces = B-rep faces of the exact body) and placed by the viewer; the valve spring is the one procedural part, because it has to compress. Parts modeled: 286 of 424. Harness: 35 routed leads carrying 95 conductors, 3.11 m of wire over 4.28 m of loom trunk.
Show the bill of materials
| Part | System | Qty | Faces | Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Big-end bearing shell, cap half | bearings | 12 | 8 | steel dark |
| Big-end bearing shell, rod half | bearings | 12 | 8 | steel dark |
| Crankshaft thrust washer | bearings | 4 | 6 | steel dark |
| Main bearing shell, lower | bearings | 7 | 6 | steel dark |
| Main bearing shell, upper (grooved, fed) | bearings | 7 | 13 | steel dark |
| Cylinder block | block | 1 | 347 | alu cast |
| Dipstick guide tube | block | 1 | 14 | steel zinc |
| Dipstick tube bracket | block | 1 | 8 | steel zinc |
| Knock-sensor pad | block | 4 | 9 | alu cast |
| Main bearing cap | block | 7 | 19 | alu cast |
| Main bearing web | block | 7 | 23 | alu cast |
| Oil dipstick | block | 1 | 6 | steel polished |
| Oil filler cap | block | 1 | 8 | plastic black |
| Oil filler tube | block | 1 | 10 | alu cast |
| Oil sump | block | 1 | 57 | alu cast |
| Rear main seal carrier | block | 1 | 36 | alu cast |
| Screw plug, block passage (small) | block | 2 | 9 | steel dark |
| Screw plug, main gallery (large) | block | 2 | 9 | steel dark |
| Sump baffle | block | 2 | 6 | steel zinc |
| Sump drain plug | block | 1 | 9 | steel dark |
| Sump rail plate | block | 1 | 72 | alu cast |
| Windage tray | block | 1 | 80 | steel zinc |
| Coolant hose (radiator) | cooling | 2 | 6 | plastic black |
| Coolant temperature sender (gauge) | cooling | 1 | 13 | plastic black |
| Coolant temperature sensor | cooling | 2 | 13 | plastic black |
| Hose clamp band | cooling | 4 | 6 | steel bright |
| Hose clamp screw | cooling | 4 | 4 | steel dark |
| Hose clamp screw housing | cooling | 4 | 6 | steel bright |
| Thermostat (element frame) | cooling | 1 | 6 | steel dark |
| Thermostat cover | cooling | 1 | 8 | alu cast |
| Thermostat housing | cooling | 1 | 8 | alu cast |
| Thermostat valve plate | cooling | 1 | 4 | steel bright |
| Thermostat wax cartridge | cooling | 1 | 4 | brass |
| Water pump back cover | cooling | 1 | 27 | alu plate |
| Water pump housing | cooling | 1 | 40 | alu cast |
| Water pump impeller | cooling | 1 | 36 | steel dark |
| Water pump pulley | cooling | 1 | 24 | steel dark |
| Water pump shaft | cooling | 1 | 4 | steel bright |
| Crank pulley / damper | crank | 1 | 13 | steel dark |
| Crank trigger ring (60−2) | crank | 1 | 240 | steel dark |
| Crankshaft | crank | 1 | 139 | steel polished |
| Bellhousing bell | driveline | 1 | 10 | alu cast |
| Bellhousing flange | driveline | 1 | 43 | alu cast |
| Bellhousing gearbox collar | driveline | 1 | 4 | alu cast |
| Clutch cover | driveline | 1 | 22 | steel zinc |
| Clutch disc | driveline | 1 | 4 | friction |
| Flywheel | driveline | 1 | 69 | steel dark |
| Gearbox input shaft | driveline | 1 | 4 | steel polished |
| Pressure plate | driveline | 1 | 4 | steel dark |
| 2-into-1 merge | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel heat |
| 2-into-1 mouth plate | exhaust | 2 | 8 | steel heat |
| 3-into-1 merge collector | exhaust | 4 | 4 | steel heat |
| Catalyst substrate (monolith) | exhaust | 2 | 4 | ceramic |
| Catalytic converter can | exhaust | 2 | 12 | steel polished |
| Collector 0 downpipe | exhaust | 2 | 38 | steel heat |
| Collector 0 mouth plate | exhaust | 2 | 10 | steel heat |
| Collector 1 downpipe | exhaust | 2 | 10 | steel heat |
| Collector 1 mouth plate | exhaust | 2 | 10 | steel heat |
| Exhaust flange | exhaust | 12 | 12 | steel dark |
| Exhaust flange gasket (pipe joint) | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel dark |
| Exhaust hanger bracket | exhaust | 4 | 8 | steel dark |
| Exhaust hanger isolator (rubber) | exhaust | 4 | 8 | plastic black |
| Exhaust hanger rod | exhaust | 4 | 4 | steel zinc |
| Exhaust pipe flange | exhaust | 4 | 10 | steel dark |
| Flex joint bellows | exhaust | 2 | 20 | steel polished |
| Flex joint braid sleeve | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel polished |
| Merge outlet spool | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel heat |
| Mid-pipe | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel heat |
| Muffler baffle | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel dark |
| Muffler end cap | exhaust | 4 | 4 | steel polished |
| Muffler inlet stub | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel heat |
| Muffler shell | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel polished |
| Oxygen sensor (downstream) | exhaust | 2 | 13 | plastic black |
| Oxygen sensor (upstream) | exhaust | 4 | 13 | plastic black |
| Oxygen sensor boss | exhaust | 6 | 6 | steel heat |
| Primary 1 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 1 (flange leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 2 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 2 (flange leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 3 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 3 (flange leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 4 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 4 (flange leg) | exhaust | 4 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 5 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 5 (flange leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Primary 6 (collector leg) | exhaust | 2 | 14 | steel heat |
| Tailpipe | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel heat |
| Tailpipe tip | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel polished |
| V-band clamp | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel polished |
| V-band sealing ring | exhaust | 2 | 4 | steel dark |
| Weld bead (Ø38) | exhaust | 36 | 2 | steel weld |
| Weld bead (Ø52) | exhaust | 8 | 2 | steel weld |
| Weld bead (Ø68) | exhaust | 8 | 2 | steel weld |
| Weld bead (sensor boss) | exhaust | 6 | 2 | steel weld |
| Air filter element | fuel-air | 1 | 76 | friction |
| Air filter frame (urethane) | fuel-air | 1 | 10 | plastic black |
| Airbox lid | fuel-air | 1 | 44 | alu cast |
| Airbox lid retaining clip | fuel-air | 6 | 10 | steel zinc |
| Airbox rib | fuel-air | 5 | 6 | alu cast |
| Banjo union / hose end fitting | fuel-air | 4 | 4 | steel polished |
| Brake servo vacuum take-off | fuel-air | 1 | 13 | alu cast |
| Fuel crossover line | fuel-air | 1 | 266 | steel polished |
| Fuel feed line | fuel-air | 1 | 200 | steel polished |
| Fuel injector | fuel-air | 12 | 27 | plastic black |
| Fuel injector connector shell | fuel-air | 12 | 6 | plastic black |
| Fuel line clip | fuel-air | 6 | 14 | steel zinc |
| Fuel pressure regulator | fuel-air | 1 | 10 | alu cast |
| Fuel pressure regulator bracket | fuel-air | 1 | 6 | steel dark |
| Fuel pulsation damper | fuel-air | 2 | 8 | alu cast |
| Fuel rail | fuel-air | 2 | 74 | alu forged |
| Fuel return line | fuel-air | 1 | 200 | steel polished |
| Fuel tank breather (purge) valve | fuel-air | 1 | 9 | plastic black |
| Hot-film air mass meter | fuel-air | 1 | 10 | plastic black |
| Idle air control valve | fuel-air | 1 | 15 | plastic black |
| Injector lower insulator / cup | fuel-air | 12 | 6 | steel zinc |
| Injector retaining clip | fuel-air | 12 | 10 | steel zinc |
| Intake air temperature sensor | fuel-air | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Intake airbox | fuel-air | 1 | 179 | alu cast |
| Intake flange | fuel-air | 12 | 15 | alu cast |
| Intake runner - elbow (bank A) | fuel-air | 6 | 42 | alu cast |
| Intake runner - elbow (bank B) | fuel-air | 6 | 42 | alu cast |
| Intake runner - flange leg (bank A) | fuel-air | 6 | 16 | alu cast |
| Intake runner - flange leg (bank B) | fuel-air | 6 | 16 | alu cast |
| Intake trumpet | fuel-air | 12 | 6 | alu cast |
| M10 banjo bolt | fuel-air | 4 | 11 | steel dark |
| M3 × 10 butterfly screw | fuel-air | 2 | 4 | steel dark |
| Manifold absolute pressure sensor | fuel-air | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Purge line (to the canister, vehicle side) | fuel-air | 1 | 236 | plastic black |
| Throttle actuator | fuel-air | 1 | 12 | plastic black |
| Throttle body elbow | fuel-air | 1 | 18 | alu cast |
| Throttle butterfly plate | fuel-air | 1 | 8 | steel polished |
| Throttle flange | fuel-air | 2 | 12 | alu cast |
| Throttle lever | fuel-air | 1 | 10 | steel dark |
| Throttle position sensor | fuel-air | 1 | 11 | plastic black |
| Throttle return spring | fuel-air | 1 | 164 | steel polished |
| Throttle shaft | fuel-air | 1 | 16 | steel polished |
| Throttle shaft bearing | fuel-air | 2 | 4 | steel dark |
| Banjo sealing washer | gaskets-seals | 4 | 4 | steel zinc |
| Dipstick tube grommet | gaskets-seals | 1 | 5 | plastic black |
| Drain plug sealing washer | gaskets-seals | 1 | 4 | steel zinc |
| Exhaust flange gasket (head) | gaskets-seals | 12 | 12 | steel zinc |
| Exhaust valve stem seal | gaskets-seals | 24 | 7 | viton |
| Front crankshaft seal | gaskets-seals | 1 | 6 | plastic black |
| Injector lower O-ring | gaskets-seals | 12 | 2 | plastic black |
| Injector upper O-ring | gaskets-seals | 12 | 2 | plastic black |
| Intake valve stem seal | gaskets-seals | 24 | 7 | rubber |
| Rear crankshaft seal | gaskets-seals | 1 | 6 | plastic black |
| M10 × 30 hex bolt | hardware | 26 | 11 | steel dark |
| M10 × 30 starter bolt | hardware | 3 | 11 | steel dark |
| M10 × 40 flywheel bolt | hardware | 8 | 11 | steel dark |
| M10 hex nut | hardware | 4 | 10 | steel dark |
| M12 × 110 head bolt | hardware | 48 | 11 | steel dark |
| M12 x 40 engine mount bolt | hardware | 8 | 11 | steel dark |
| M16 × 40 damper bolt | hardware | 1 | 11 | steel dark |
| M16 isolator nut | hardware | 3 | 10 | steel dark |
| M16 washer | hardware | 1 | 4 | steel polished |
| M6 × 12 hex bolt | hardware | 16 | 11 | steel dark |
| M6 × 16 hex bolt | hardware | 67 | 11 | steel dark |
| M6 × 20 cam-cover bolt | hardware | 51 | 11 | steel dark |
| M6 × 22 hex bolt | hardware | 8 | 11 | steel dark |
| M6 × 30 fuel-rail bolt | hardware | 6 | 11 | steel dark |
| M8 × 20 clutch-cover bolt | hardware | 6 | 11 | steel dark |
| M8 × 20 ground-strap bolt | hardware | 6 | 11 | steel dark |
| M8 × 30 hex bolt | hardware | 38 | 11 | steel dark |
| M8 × 60 hex bolt | hardware | 48 | 11 | steel dark |
| M8 × 80 windage tray stud | hardware | 10 | 4 | steel dark |
| M8 hex nut | hardware | 44 | 10 | steel dark |
| M8 stud | hardware | 24 | 4 | steel dark |
| M8 washer | hardware | 60 | 4 | steel polished |
| Main cap bolt | hardware | 14 | 7 | steel dark |
| Sensor mounting bolt (M6) | hardware | 10 | 11 | steel dark |
| 2-way sealed connector (plug half) | harness | 1 | 15 | plastic black |
| 3-way sealed connector (plug half) | harness | 1 | 15 | plastic black |
| 4-way sealed connector (plug half) | harness | 1 | 15 | plastic black |
| alternator b plus lead insulation | harness | 1 | 10 | plastic black |
| Cable tie | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| Cable tie | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| Cable tie | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| Cable tie | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| cam sensor lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| cam sensor lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (alternator_b_plus) | harness | 1 | 8 | copper |
| Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (ground) | harness | 2 | 8 | copper |
| Conductor, 1 x 4 mm2 (ground) | harness | 2 | 8 | copper |
| Conductor, 2 x 0.5 mm2 (iat) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 2 x 1 mm2 (injector) | harness | 6 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 2 x 1 mm2 (injector) | harness | 6 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (cam_sensor) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (cam_sensor) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (crank_sensor) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (map) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 3 x 0.5 mm2 (tps) | harness | 1 | 10 | copper |
| Conductor, 4 x 1.5 mm2 (ignition_coil) | harness | 6 | 8 | copper |
| Conductor, 4 x 1.5 mm2 (ignition_coil) | harness | 5 | 4 | copper |
| Conductor, 5 x 0.5 mm2 (maf) | harness | 1 | 14 | copper |
| crank sensor lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Engine harness bank branch, bank A | harness | 1 | 4 | plastic black |
| Engine harness bank branch, bank B | harness | 1 | 4 | plastic black |
| Engine harness main trunk | harness | 1 | 48 | plastic black |
| Front harness branch, bank A | harness | 1 | 40 | plastic black |
| Front harness branch, bank B | harness | 1 | 40 | plastic black |
| ground lead insulation | harness | 2 | 10 | plastic black |
| ground lead insulation | harness | 2 | 10 | plastic black |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 20 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 20 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 20 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 20 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness bracket (M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness clip (P-clip, M6) | harness | 1 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Harness grommet | harness | 1 | 12 | rubber |
| Harness grommet (stepped junction boot) | harness | 1 | 15 | rubber |
| Harness grommet (stepped junction boot) | harness | 1 | 15 | rubber |
| iat lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| ignition coil lead insulation | harness | 6 | 12 | plastic black |
| ignition coil lead insulation | harness | 5 | 6 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 2 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 2 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 2 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| injector lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Injector sub-loom, bank A | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| Injector sub-loom, bank B | harness | 1 | 16 | plastic black |
| Loom conduit sleeve | harness | 1 | 6 | plastic black |
| Loom conduit sleeve | harness | 1 | 6 | plastic black |
| Loom conduit sleeve | harness | 1 | 80 | plastic black |
| Loom conduit sleeve | harness | 1 | 86 | plastic black |
| M6 × 10 hex bolt | harness | 25 | 11 | steel dark |
| maf lead insulation | harness | 1 | 26 | plastic black |
| map lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Ring terminal (crimped) | harness | 1 | 20 | steel zinc |
| tps lead insulation | harness | 1 | 14 | plastic black |
| Bucket tappet | head | 48 | 9 | steel polished |
| Cam bearing tower + cap | head | 14 | 17 | alu cast |
| Cam bearing tower + cap (mirrored) | head | 14 | 17 | alu cast |
| Cam cover (left) | head | 1 | 679 | red crackle |
| Cam cover (right) | head | 1 | 679 | red crackle |
| Cam cover breather baffle | head | 2 | 8 | steel zinc |
| Camshaft (bank A, one forging: shaft, journals, thrust groove, 12 lobes) | head | 2 | 94 | steel polished |
| Camshaft (bank B, one forging: shaft, journals, thrust groove, 12 lobes) | head | 2 | 98 | steel polished |
| Camshaft oil gallery plug | head | 4 | 9 | steel dark |
| Camshaft oil spray bar | head | 4 | 18 | steel zinc |
| Camshaft thrust plate | head | 4 | 14 | steel zinc |
| Cylinder head casting (left bank) | head | 1 | 685 | alu cast |
| Cylinder head casting (right bank) | head | 1 | 685 | alu cast |
| Exhaust valve | head | 24 | 14 | steel dark |
| Head oil feed restrictor | head | 2 | 11 | steel dark |
| Intake valve | head | 24 | 14 | steel polished |
| Screw plug in the head | head | 12 | 9 | steel dark |
| Spring retainer | head | 48 | 5 | steel polished |
| Valve collet (keeper), half | head | 96 | 10 | steel dark |
| Valve spring lower seat | head | 48 | 4 | steel dark |
| Alternator | ignition-electrical | 1 | 284 | alu cast |
| Alternator B+ terminal stud | ignition-electrical | 1 | 9 | steel polished |
| Alternator cooling duct | ignition-electrical | 1 | 6 | steel zinc |
| Alternator pulley | ignition-electrical | 1 | 7 | steel dark |
| Alternator terminal cover | ignition-electrical | 1 | 9 | plastic black |
| Battery positive cable | ignition-electrical | 1 | 12 | plastic black |
| Cam sensor bracket | ignition-electrical | 2 | 10 | steel zinc |
| Camshaft position sensor | ignition-electrical | 2 | 20 | plastic black |
| Camshaft trigger wheel | ignition-electrical | 2 | 24 | steel dark |
| Coil-on-plug | ignition-electrical | 12 | 20 | plastic black |
| Crank sensor bracket | ignition-electrical | 1 | 36 | steel zinc |
| Crankshaft position sensor | ignition-electrical | 1 | 22 | plastic black |
| Engine ground strap | ignition-electrical | 3 | 18 | steel zinc |
| Engine relay / E-box carrier | ignition-electrical | 1 | 19 | plastic black |
| Flywheel starter ring gear | ignition-electrical | 1 | 404 | steel forged |
| Knock sensor | ignition-electrical | 4 | 9 | plastic black |
| M6 × 20 coil hold-down bolt | ignition-electrical | 12 | 11 | steel dark |
| Spark plug | ignition-electrical | 12 | 15 | ceramic |
| Starter engagement lever | ignition-electrical | 1 | 6 | steel dark |
| Starter heat shield | ignition-electrical | 1 | 6 | steel zinc |
| Starter motor | ignition-electrical | 1 | 86 | alu cast |
| Starter pinion | ignition-electrical | 1 | 48 | steel forged |
| Starter solenoid | ignition-electrical | 1 | 8 | steel zinc |
| Airbox breather spigot | lubrication | 1 | 8 | alu cast |
| Breather hose clamp | lubrication | 4 | 4 | steel zinc |
| Cam cover breather hose (bank A, to the airbox) | lubrication | 1 | 22 | plastic black |
| Cam cover breather hose (bank B, to the separator) | lubrication | 1 | 22 | plastic black |
| Cam cover breather spigot | lubrication | 2 | 6 | alu cast |
| Crankcase oil separator | lubrication | 1 | 19 | plastic black |
| Crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve | lubrication | 1 | 9 | plastic black |
| Crankcase ventilation hose | lubrication | 1 | 22 | plastic black |
| Cross-drilling plug | lubrication | 12 | 9 | steel dark |
| External oil feed pipe to the head | lubrication | 2 | 38 | steel zinc |
| Gerotor inner rotor | lubrication | 1 | 338 | steel polished |
| Gerotor outer rotor | lubrication | 1 | 244 | steel polished |
| Main gallery end plug | lubrication | 4 | 9 | steel dark |
| Oil cooler take-off blanking plug | lubrication | 1 | 9 | steel dark |
| Oil cooler take-off boss | lubrication | 1 | 6 | alu cast |
| Oil drain-back boss (block flank) | lubrication | 2 | 6 | alu cast |
| Oil drain-back tube, head to crankcase | lubrication | 2 | 22 | steel zinc |
| Oil feed banjo fitting | lubrication | 4 | 8 | steel dark |
| Oil feed boss (block flank) | lubrication | 2 | 6 | alu cast |
| Oil filter | lubrication | 1 | 10 | plastic black |
| Oil filter adapter | lubrication | 1 | 27 | alu cast |
| Oil filter anti-drain valve | lubrication | 1 | 4 | plastic black |
| Oil filter bypass valve | lubrication | 1 | 9 | steel dark |
| Oil filter cap | lubrication | 1 | 8 | steel zinc |
| Oil filter element | lubrication | 1 | 4 | friction |
| Oil level sensor | lubrication | 1 | 13 | plastic black |
| Oil pickup bracket | lubrication | 1 | 16 | steel zinc |
| Oil pickup strainer | lubrication | 1 | 42 | steel zinc |
| Oil pickup tube | lubrication | 1 | 22 | steel zinc |
| Oil pipe, filter to gallery | lubrication | 1 | 14 | steel zinc |
| Oil pipe, pump to filter | lubrication | 1 | 14 | steel zinc |
| Oil pressure sender | lubrication | 1 | 13 | plastic black |
| Oil pressure switch | lubrication | 1 | 13 | plastic black |
| Oil pump cover | lubrication | 1 | 15 | alu cast |
| Oil pump drive collar (crank nose) | lubrication | 1 | 100 | steel dark |
| Oil pump housing | lubrication | 1 | 68 | alu cast |
| Oil temperature sensor | lubrication | 1 | 13 | plastic black |
| Piston cooling oil squirter | lubrication | 12 | 9 | steel dark |
| Pressure relief guide support | lubrication | 1 | 5 | steel dark |
| Pressure relief lock ring | lubrication | 1 | 2 | steel dark |
| Pressure relief plunger | lubrication | 1 | 5 | steel polished |
| Pressure relief sleeve | lubrication | 1 | 4 | steel dark |
| Pressure relief spring | lubrication | 1 | 4 | steel polished |
| Engine mount bracket | mounts | 2 | 37 | steel dark |
| Engine mount pad (cast) | mounts | 2 | 18 | alu cast |
| Firewall panel | mounts | 1 | 16 | steel paint |
| Gearbox mount bracket | mounts | 1 | 27 | steel dark |
| Gearbox mount crossmember | mounts | 1 | 10 | steel paint |
| M16 isolator stud | mounts | 3 | 4 | steel dark |
| Mount isolator cup | mounts | 3 | 21 | steel zinc |
| Mount isolator elastomer | mounts | 3 | 9 | rubber |
| Mount isolator top cap | mounts | 3 | 7 | steel zinc |
| Steering rack stub | mounts | 1 | 484 | steel paint |
| Subframe crossmember | mounts | 1 | 10 | steel paint |
| Subframe mount tower | mounts | 3 | 23 | steel paint |
| Subframe rail | mounts | 2 | 10 | steel paint |
| Connecting rod | piston-rod | 12 | 30 | steel forged |
| Gudgeon pin circlip | piston-rod | 24 | 6 | steel dark |
| Piston | piston-rod | 12 | 43 | alu forged |
| Piston ring | piston-rod | 36 | 4 | steel dark |
| Piston skirt | piston-rod | 24 | 6 | alu forged |
| Rod bolt | piston-rod | 24 | 7 | steel dark |
| Rod cap | piston-rod | 12 | 14 | steel forged |
| Rod nut | piston-rod | 24 | 4 | steel dark |
| Wrist pin | piston-rod | 12 | 6 | steel polished |
| Cam sprocket | timing | 4 | 489 | steel dark |
| Chain guide rail | timing | 4 | 6 | plastic black |
| Chain link plate | timing | 480 | 10 | steel dark |
| Chain pin | timing | 240 | 4 | steel dark |
| Chain roller | timing | 240 | 4 | steel dark |
| Chain tensioner | timing | 2 | 7 | alu cast |
| Crank sprocket | timing | 2 | 250 | steel dark |
| Tensioner mounting boss | timing | 2 | 10 | alu cast |
| Tensioner shoe | timing | 2 | 6 | plastic black |
| Timing case | timing | 1 | 217 | alu cast |
| Timing case rim (bank B step) | timing | 1 | 58 | alu cast |
| Valve spring | valvetrain | 48 | — | procedural |
What bolts on next
The rear of the engine ends in a standard interface: a flywheel on the crank flange, a clutch, a bellhousing flange and a splined input shaft. That is exactly where a gearbox page will pick up — then a driveshaft, a differential, wheels, a car. Each will be its own set of exact kernel parts driven by the same crank angle, so the whole driveline can run from one dial.
Build notes
Built from a kernel command document — the same ops the NativeCAD MCP exposes. Every boolean was kept on the exact fast path (cylinders piercing planar faces), which is why the crank is seven journals joined through its webs, the block's crankcase roof sits perpendicular to each bank, and the head is one per-cylinder section instanced six times. The few cases the kernel could not keep exact were logged as kernel bugs.
No screws to nowhere: every bolt and stud on the page lands in a hole that is actually cut. One joint table places the fastener AND drills what it passes through and threads into — tapped holes at the thread's nominal radius, clearance holes 0.5 mm over, which is also how the viewer decides where to draw a thread — so a station cannot be moved without the hole moving with it. A fastener audit re-measures that claim against the page's own meshes and instance matrices: all 400 fasteners seated, none floating, buried or standing off.
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Free for education and makers with a registered key · $200 per seat per year · Kernel SDK for products.